International Support and Higher Education System in Somaliland, Somalia

ABSTRACT This study investigated the International Support and Educational Needs of Higher Education System in Somaliland. The international support and educational needs in terms of personnel supply, educational facilities, financing and quality development exemplified the independent variable while the effectiveness in terms of resources utilization, performance of grade out and teaching/learning process of higher education institutions exemplified as the dependent variable. The study sought to investigate the educational needs that necessitate to be supported by the international partners of education in Somaliland. The study conceived due to the fact that there is a discrepancy between the recent state of affairs of higher education and where it should be. The study was conducted through descriptive survey research, data being collected during 15 to 27 October, 2009, using respondents comprise of one hundred sixty two managers/administrators, lecturers and students (senior and junior grades) out of two hundred seventy five of population selected from four out of seven Higher Education Institutions in Somaliland. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics analyses techniques and presented in frequency distribution and percentages. The study established that majority 9O.8%, Managers/Administrators, and Lecturers of higher education system are males. It was observed that many of the managers/administrators and lecturers fall in the category of Bachelor 54.2%, 45.8% were Masters Level while none held PhD. In addition to that, the study found that stock xiv of personnel, educational facilities, financing and developing quality of teaching/learning process are the most urgent educational needs. Moreover, the study established that higher education is an average of effectiveness and the administrators, lecturers and students are not satisfied with management of higher education system and the international support on educational needs. This study concludes that higher education institutions need gender equality in managing~-teaching-learning process and supplementary experienced staff. It also concluded that stock of personnel, facilities of educational process, financing and quality development are educational needs and the international support on higher education is not effective. It also reached the conclusion of the need of collaboration between all education system’s stakeholders as well. Finally, the study recommended establishing higher education commission, ensuring effectiveness of international support, developing upgrading programs for administrators and lecturers and lastly promoting women participation in higher education system.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER Page

ONE THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Background of the Study 1

Statement of the Problem 5

Purpose of the Study 6

Research Objectives 7

Research Questions 8

Significance of the Study 9

Scope 9

Operational Definitions 10

Theoretical Framework 10

TWO REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE

Introduction 13

Observable Educational~Needs in Higher Education

system 14

Effectiveness of an Organization 16

The International Support and Higher Education

System in Somaliland 17

The Education System in Somaliland: History and

Initial Efforts 19

Higher Education System in Somaliland 20

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THREE METHODOLOGY

Research Design 22

Research Population 22

Sample Size 23

Sampling Procedure 24

Research Instrumentation 24

Validity 26

Reliability 26

Data Gathering Procedure 27

Data Analysis 27

Limitations of the Study 28

FOUR PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

OF DATA

Introduction 29

Research Question One: What is the Profile of

Managers/Administrators and Lecturers of HEIs? 29

Research Question Two: What are the Critical

Educational Issues needing International Support? 32

Research Question Three: What are the Responses

from Managers/Administrators, Lecturers and Students

of HEIs on (See a, b, c, d and e) 35

Research Question Four: What are the Preferred Ways

to Meet Educational Needs 46

FIVE FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Introduction 49

Findings 49

Conclusions 55

Recommendations 57

Suggestion for Further Studies 58

REFERENCES 59

APPENDICES 63

APPENDIX A: INSTRUMENT 63

APPENDIX B: QUALITY CONTROL OF THE STUDY 72

APPENDIX C: RESEARCHER’S CURRICULUM VITAE 73

APPENDIX D: MAP OF SOMALILAND 81