Interrogating The Scope And Extent Of Punitive Measures In The Public Procurement Legal Regime Of The Zimbabwean Energy Sector

Contents

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1

1.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1

1.2. Background to the Study ......................................................................................................... 3

1.3. Objectives .................................................................................................................................. 6

1.4. Problem Statement ................................................................................................................... 6

1.5. Literature Review ...................................................................................................................... 6

1.6. Research Methodology ............................................................................................................ 9

1.7. Chapter Synopsis ..................................................................................................................... 9

CHAPTER 2: PUNISHMENT MECHANISMS IN PROCUREMENT LAW ................................ 11

2.1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 11

2.2. Civil Penalties .......................................................................................................................... 11

2.2.1. Debarment ........................................................................................................................ 11

2.2.2. Integrity Pacts .................................................................................................................. 13

2.2.3. Monetary Penalties ......................................................................................................... 14

2.2.4. Cancellation or Termination of the Procurement Contract ....................................... 15

2.2.5. Denial of Access to Government Contracts ................................................................ 16

2.3. Criminal Penalties ................................................................................................................... 16

2.4. International Law .................................................................................................................... 17

2.5. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 18

CHAPTER 3: PUNISHMENT MECHANSIMS IN THE ZIMBABWEAN PROCUREMENT SYSTEM .............................................................................................................................................. 19

3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 20

3.2 Civil Penalties ........................................................................................................................... 20

3.2.1 Debarment ......................................................................................................................... 20

3.2.2 Monetary Penalties .......................................................................................................... 21

3.2.3 Cancellation of the Procurement Contract ................................................................... 23

3.2.4. Denial of Access to Government Contracts ................................................................ 24

3.3. Criminal Penalties ................................................................................................................... 24

3.4. Anti-Corruption Mechanisms ................................................................................................ 26

3.5. Penalties under the Proposed Public Procurement and Disposal of Public Assets Bill .......................................................................................................................................................... 28

3.6. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 29

CHAPTER 4: THE SOUTH AFRICAN APPROACH ..................................................................... 30

4.1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 30

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4.2. The South African Energy Sector ........................................................................................ 30

4.3. Civil Remedies ........................................................................................................................ 31

4.3.1. Debarment ........................................................................................................................ 31

4.3.2. Monetary Penalties ......................................................................................................... 33

4.3.3. Termination of the Procurement Contract ................................................................... 34

4.3.4 Denial of Access to Government Contracts ................................................................. 36

4.3.5 Damages ........................................................................................................................... 37

4.4. Criminal Sanctions ................................................................................................................. 38

4.5. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 39

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................... 41

5.1. Summary of Findings and Observations ............................................................................. 41

5.2. Recommendations ................................................................................................................. 42

5.2.1. Amendment of Laws ....................................................................................................... 42

5.2.2. Establishment of a Specialist Commercial Court ....................................................... 42

5.2.3. Establish a Blacklisting System for Corrupt Practices ............................................... 43

5.2.4. Electronic Governance ................................................................................................... 43

5.2.5 Political Commitment ....................................................................................................... 44

5.2.6. Accounting and Audit Requirements ............................................................................ 44

5.3. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 45

BIBILIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................................ 46