Juvenile Justice in Relation to Child Arrest and Sentencing in Criminal Offences in Nairobi. A Case Study of Kabete Reformatory Brostal

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION .................................................................. .4

1. 0 Introduction ................................ .

1.1 Background of the study ...................... .

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International Law dealing specifically with Children: ....................................................................... 8

1.2 Statement of the problem ......................................................................................................... 12

1.3 Specific Objective of the studies ............................ . . ............... 14

················ 14 1.4 Scope of the research .............. .

1.5 Research questions ............................................................................................................ 14

1.6 Significance of the study ..................................................................................................... 15

1.9 Methodology ........................................................................................................................ 15

1.10 Research design ...................................................................................................................... 17

1.10.1 Sampling techniques ................................................................................................ 1 7

1.10.2 Data Collection procedures and instruments ................................................................. 17

l. l 0.3 Questionnaires ................................................................................................................. 18

1.10.4

1.10.5

Interviews ................................................................................................................. 19

Limitations of the study ........................................................................................... 19

2.0 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................. 20

1.8.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 20

2.2 Theoretical Framework ....................................................................................................... 30

2.2.1 Control Theories ................................................................................................................ 31

2.2.2 Social Disorganization Theory ......................................................................................... 33

International laws on Juvenile Justice ............................................................................................... 34

2. Scope of the Rules and definitions used ........................................................................................ 3 8

3. Extension of the Rules .................................................................................................................... 39

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4. Age of criminal responsibility ........................................................................................................ 40

5. Aims ofjuvenilejustice .................................................................................................................. 41

6. Scope of discretion ........................................................................................................................ 42

7. Rights of juveniles ......................................................................................................................... .42

8. Protection of privacy ...................................................................................................................... 43

9. Saving clause ................................................................................................................................... 44

10. Initial contact....................... . ...... .44

11. Diversion.......................................................................................................................... . ...... 45

13. Detention pending trial........................................................... . ........... 47

14. Competent authority to adjudicate ............................................................................................... 48

15. Legal counsel, parents and guardians ......................................................................................... .49

16. Social inquiry reports ................................................................................................................... 4 9

17. Guiding principles in adjudication and disposition .................................................................... 50

18. Various disposition measures ...................................................................................................... 52

19. The Kenya Constitution on Juvenile Justice .......................................................................... 53

20. Domestic Obligations .............................................................................................................. 53

3.0 CHAPTER THREE: DATA ANALYSIS, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ...................... 59

3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 59

3 .2 Sample Characteristics ....................................................................................................... 59

3 .3 .1 The current structure of juvenile system in Nairobi Kenya ............................................ 59

3 .3 .2 Age of criminal responsibility in relation to child arrest and sentencing in criminal

offences in Nairobi Kenya ......................................................................................................... 61

3 .3 .3 Aims of juvenile justice in relation to child arrest and sentencing in criminal offences

in Nairobi Kenya ........................................................................................................................ 62

3 .3 .4 The scope of description of juvenile justice in relation to child arrest and sentencing in

criminal offences in Nairobi Kenya .......................................................................................... 63

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3.3.5 Current rights of juveniles in relation to child arrest and sentencing in criminal

offences in Nairobi Kenya ......................................................................................................... 64

3.3.6 The protection of privacy for juveniles in relation to child arrest and sentencing in

criminal offences in Nairobi, Kenya ......................................................................................... 64

3.3.7 The investigations and prosecution of juveniles in Nairobi Kenya ............................... 65

3.3.8 Detention pending trial for juvenile in relation to child arrest and sentencing in

criminal offences in Nairobi Kenya .......................................................................................... 66

3.3.9 Adjudication and disposition for juvenile justice ........................................................... 67

4.0 CHAPTER FOUR: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .......... 69

4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 69

4.2 Summary .............................................................................................................................. 69

4.3 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................... 71

4.4 Recommendations ............................................................................................................... 71

4.5 Areas for further Research .................................................................................................. 73

REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................... 74