OCCURRENCE AND AWARENESS OF TUBERCULOSIS IN IJEDE TOWN IKORODU

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis is one of the world recognized disease which results to death if not treated. This study is set to determine the rate of awareness of tuberculosis in Ijede town, Ikorodu, Lagos.

This research is to know the rate of awareness among men and women, both young and old, and to evaluate the causes and prevention of tuberculosis.

The finding of this study would be beneficial to the health of the people of community and to development of the society by reducing the risk of mortality rate in among the young and old adults.

Questionnaires were distributed in Ijede town, Ikorodu. The questionnaires were distributed to collect data on the rate of awareness of tuberculosis, with some analytical representation of the data collected. This enabled proper review of the study as well as recommendation for interested parties.

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

 

TOPIC PAGE                                                                                                                         i

CERTIFICATION                                                                                                                 ii

DEDICATION                                                                                                                       iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT                                                                                                     iv

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY                                                                                     1

1.2       STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM                                                                         3

1.3       RESEARCH QUESTION                                                                                         4

1.4       OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY                                                                               4

1.5       SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY                                                                          5

1.6       SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY                                                       5

1.7       DEFINITIONS OF TERMS                                                                                      6

 

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW 

2.1       INTRODUCTION                                                                                                    7

2.2       THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK                                                                             8

                                                                        v

 

 

 

 

2.3       CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF TUBERCULOSIS                                           9

2.3.1 PULMONARY TB                                                                                                       9

2.3.2 PHYSICAL SIGNS                                                                                                      10

2.3.3 EXTRA-PULMONARY TB                                                                                        11

2.3.4 TB MENINGITIS                                                                                                         12

2.3.5 DISSEMINATED/MILITARY TB                                                                              15

2.3.6 TUBERCULOUS LYMPHADENOPATHY                                                              16

2.3.7 TUBERCULOUS SEROUS EFFUSIONS                                                                  17

2.4 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE LUNG                                                    25

2.5 PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RESPIRATION                                                                     26

2.6 MECHANISM OF RESPIRATION                                                                               26

2.7 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF TUBERCULOSIS                                                                        27

2.8 TRANSMISSION OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS                                           29

2.9 CLASSIFICATION OF TUBERCULOSIS                                                                   30

2.10 DIAGNOSTIC OF TUBERCULOSIS                                                                         30

2.10.1 DIAGNOSTIC TEST FOR TB                                                                                   31

2.10.2 SMEAR MICROSCOPY                                                                                           32

2.10.3 CULTURE METHODS                                                                                                         

2.10.4 DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING (DST)                                                           36

2.10.5 MOLECULAR TESTING                                                                                          38

2.10.6 XPERT MTB/RIF                                                                                                       38

2.10.7 LINE PROBE ASSAYS                                                                                             39

2.11 PRINCIPLES OF TB TREATMENT                                                                            39

2.11.1 THE ESSENTIAL TB DRUGS                                                                                  40

2.12 ADHERENCE TO TREATMENT                                                                                41

2.12.1 STRATEGIES FOR GOOD ADHERENCE                                                                         42

2.12.2 STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING ADHERENCE                                                 46

2.13 VACCINES FOR TUBERCULOSIS                                                                           53

 

CHAPTER THREE

3.1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY                                                                                    54

3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN                                                                                                    54

3.3 POPULATION OF THE STUDY                                                                                   54

3.4 SAMPLE SIZE                                                                                                                55

3.5 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE                                                                                             55

 3.6 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT                                                                                         55

3.7 VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF INSTRUMENT                                                            55

3.8 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION                                                                            56

3.9 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS                                                                                 56

                                                                        vii

CHAPTER FOUR

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF DATA

4.1 DATA ANALYSIS                                                                                                         57

 

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS                                                                                       67

5.2 SUMMARY                                                                                                                     68

5.3 CONCLUSION                                                                                                               69

5.4 RECOMMENDATION                                                                                                   69

5.5 INDICATIONS FOR NURSING                                                                                   70

BIBLIOGRAPHY                                                                                                                 71

APPENDIX                                                                                                                            73

QUESTIONNAIRE                                                                                                               75

                                                                                                                                   

                                               LIST OF TABLE

 

TABLE 1:       AGE DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS

TABLE 2:       GENDER DISTRIBUTION

TABLE 3:       OCCUPATION OF THE RESPONDENTS

TABLE 4:       RELIGIOUS DISTRIBUTION OF THE RESPONDENTS

TABLE 5:       ETHNICITY OF THE RESPONDENTS

TABLE 6:       MARITAL STATUS OF THE RESPONDENTS

TABLE 7:       WHETHER THE RESPONDENTS ARE AWARE OF TUBERCULOSIS

TABLE 8:       SOURCE OF INFORMATION ABOUT TUBERCULOSIS

TABLE 9:       WHETHER THE RESPONDENT HAS BEEN VACCINATED AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS BEFORE

TABLE 10:     OPINION OF THE RESPONDENTS ON IF TUBERCULOSIS CAN BE PREVENTED

TABLE 11: WHETHER TUBERCULOSIS VACCINE SHOULD BE ENCOURAGE

TABLE 12:     HAVE YOU BEEN INFECTED WITH TUBERCULOSIS BEFORE

TABLE 13:     WHETHER THE INFECTED RESPONDENTS KEPT TO THEMSELVE

TABLE 14:     DID THE RESPONDENTS COMPLAIN TO THEIR DOCTOR

TABLE 15:     DID THE RESPONDENTS DO SELF MEDICATION BASE ON PEOPLE’S OPINION

TABLE 16:     WHETHER ANY MEMBER OF THE RESPONDENT’S FAMILY HAS SUFFERED TUBERCULOSIS

TABLE 17:     WHICH OF THEIR FAMILY MEMBER

TABLE 18:     TUBERCULOSIS IS A CONTAGIOUS DISEASE

TABLE 19:     CAN TUBERCULOSIS CAUSE DEATH IF NOT TESTED