The Legal and Institutional Framework in the Fight Against Corruption in Uganda. A Case Study of Kampala (Central Division)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................. i

APPROVAL .................................................................................................................................... ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................... iii

LEGISLATIONS AND STATUTES ............................................................................................. viii

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... ix

CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................. 1

GENERAL OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................ 1

1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Background of the Study ........................................................................................................... 3

1.3 Statement of the Problem ......................................................................................................... 10

1.4 Objectives of the Study ............................................................................................................ 12

1.4.1 General Objective ................................................................................................................. 12

1.5 Research Questions .................................................................................................................. 13

1.6 Hypothesis of the Study ........................................................................................................... 13

I. 7 Significance of the Study ......................................................................................................... 13

1.8 Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 14

1.9 The Scope of the Study ............................................................................................................ 14

CHAPTER TWO .................................................................................................................... 16

LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................................................................................... 16

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CHAPTER THREE ................................................................................................................ 20

HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF CORRUPTION IN UGANDA VIZ-A-VIZ: THE

EXISTENCE OF LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ITS COMBAT ........................................... 20

3 .I Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 20

3.2 Consequences ofCorruption .................................................................................................... 24

3.2.1 Poverty ................................................................................................................................. 24

3.2.2 Political Instability ................................................................................................................ 24

3.2.3 Effect on Environment and Wildlife ...................................................................................... 25

3.2.4 Discriminatory Distribution of Services ................................................................................ 25

3.2.5 Hinders Foreign Investment .................................................................................................. 25

3.2.6 Inhibit Control ofDiseases .................................................................................................... 26

3.7 Legal Framework to Combat Corruption in Uganda ................................................................. 26

3.8 Domestic Legislation ............................................................................................................... 27

3.8.1 The Constitution of the Republic of Uganda 1995 ................................................................. 27

3.8.2 The Anti Corruption Act 2009 .............................................................................................. 28

3.8.3 The Penal Code Act Cap. 106 ............................................................................................... 31

3.8.4 The Inspector General of Government Act 2012 .................................................................... 32

3.8.5 The Leadership Code Act 2002 ............................................................................................. 34

3.8.6 The Whistleblowers Protection Act 2010 .............................................................................. 37

3.9 International Conventions on Corruption ................................................................................. 38

3.9.1 The United Nations Convention against Corruption 2003 ...................................................... 38

3.9.2 The African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption 2003 .................... 41

3.10 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 43

CHAPTER FOUR .................................................................................................................. 44

INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ........................................................................................ 44

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4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 44

4.2 The Inspectorate of Government .............................................................................................. 44

4.3 Directorate of Ethics and Integrity ........................................................................................... 45

4.4 The Office of the Auditor General ........................................................................................... 48

4.5 The Public Accounts Committee (PAC) 342 ............................................................................ 52

4.6 Criminal Investigations Department (CID) ............................................................................... 54

4.6.1 Corruption (Public Sector Fraud) .......................................................................................... 57

4.6.2 Summary of Public Sector Corruption Cases Investigated During the Year 20 l 0 ................... 58

4.6.3. Estimated Recoveries from Public Sector Corruption Cases ................................................. 58

4. 7 Economic Crimes (Private Sector Fraud and Corruption) ......................................................... 59

4.7.1 The major recoveries made in this category or crimes in the year 2010 are indicated below: .. 60

4.7.2 The major Challenges Experienced Included the Following ................................................... 60

4.8 Land Frauds ............................................................................................................................. 62

4.9 Directorate of Public Prosecutions (DPP) ................................................................................. 62

CHAPTER FIVE .................................................................................................................... 63

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................... 63

5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 63

5.2 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 63

5.3 Further Recommendations ....................................................................................................... 64

5.3.1 Improving the Effectiveness of the IGG ................................................................................ 64

5.3.2 Declarations of Leaders be Lodged Immediately ................................................................... 64

5.3.3 Technical Facilitation of the IGG .......................................................................................... 64

5.3.4 Immediate Publicizing of Declarations by IGG with the Inspectorate .................................... 65

5.3.5 Sensitization of the Public on Existing Laws ......................................................................... 65

5.3.6 Follow-up on implementation of Legislation by Government ................................................ 65