The Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in Diagnosing and Classification of Meningiomas

ABSTRACT 

This study was carried out in Sudanese to determine the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing and classification of meningiomas, using 1.5 Tesla scanner closed permanent magnet unit. The main objective of this study to classified the gender, age, size, common site and diagnosis of meningiomas, ,and to characterize different grade feature of meningiomas by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) The study was carried on seventy two (72) patients with clinically diagnosed for meningiomas , and were grouped to gender male 29 patient about (40.3%) and female 43 patient about (59.7%),according to age study finding the meningiomas are common in elder patient with range (61-80) years found 25 patients about (34%) ,according to diagnosis the convexity meningiomas are common diagnosis found in 23 patients about (32%) and are very rare diagnosis as intraventricular there one patient about (1.4%), according to his site flax cerbri is common site of meningiomas found in 16 patient about (22%),according to size most meningiomas are small size(less than 2cm) there appear in 41 patient begnin about (57%), and according to classification of meningioma grade(I) meningiomas are most common were 67patients about (93%). It was concluded the MRI has very big role in diagnosis of meningiomas.

Title Page

I الآیة

Dedication Ii

Acknowledgements Iii

Abstract (English) Iv

Abstract(Arabic) V

Table of contents Vi

List of figures Xii

List of Tables Xiii

Lit of abbreviations xiv

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Problem of Study 2

1.3 Objectives of Study 2

1.3.1 General objectives 2

1.3.2 Specific objectives 2

1.4 Overview of The Study 2

CHAPTER TWO

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

2.1.1 Brain Components 4

2.1.1.1 Brainstem 4

2.1.1.2 Cerebellum 4

2.1.1.3 Cerebrum 4

2.1.1.4 Meninges 5

2.1.1.5 The Nervous System 6

2.1.1.6 The Ventricular System 7

2.1.1.7 Cranial Nerves 8

2.1.1.8 The Lobes 8

2.1.1.8.1 Frontal Lobes 8

2.1.1.8.2 Parietal Lobes 8

2.1.1.8.3 Temporal Lobes 8

2.1.1.8.4 Occipital lobe 9

2.1.1.9 Blood flow to the Brain 9

2.1.2 Physiology of the Brain 12

2.1.2.1 Brain steam 12

2.1.2.2 Cerebellum 12

2.1.2.3 Cerebrum 12

2.1.2.3.1 Frontal Lobes 12

2.1.2.3.2 Parietal Lobes 12

2.1.2.3.3 Temporal Lobes 12

2.1.2.3.4 Occipital Lobes 13

2.1.2.4 The Meninges 13

2.1.2.5 The Cranial Nerves 13

2.1.3 Pathology Of The Brain 14

2.1.3.1 Genetic Brain Disorders 14

2.1.3.2 Hydrocephalus 14

2.1.3.4 Stroke 14

2.1.3.5 Hematoma 15

2.1.3.6 Encephalitis 15

2.1.3.7 Alzheimer's disease 15

2.1.3.8 Meningitis 15

2.1.3.9 Meningiomas 16

2.1.3.9.1 Diagnosis of Meninguomas 16

2.1.3.9.1.1 Convexity Meningioma 16

2.1.3.9.1.2 Sphenoid Wing Meningioma 16

2.1.3.9.1.3 Olfactory Groove Meningioma 16

2.1.3.9.1.4 Suprasellar Meningioma 17

2.1.3.9.1.5 Posterior fossa Meningioma 17

2.1.3.9.1.6 Intraventricular Meningioma 17

2.1.3.9.1.7 Intraorbital Meningioma 17

2.1.3.9.1.8 Flax and parasagittal Meningioma 17

2.1.3.9.1.8 Tentorial Meningioma 18

2.1.3.9.1.9 Foramen Magnum Meningioma 18

2.1.3.9.1.10 Spinal Meningioma 18

2.1.3.9.2 Causes of Meningiomas 18

2.1.3.9.3 Signs and symptoms of Meningioma 18

2.1.3.9.4 Mechanism of Meningioma 19

2.1.3.9.5 Diagnosis Meningioma By 19

2.1.3.9.6 Classification of Meningioma 20

2.1.3.9.6.1 Benign (Grade I) 20

2.1.3.9.6.2 Atypical (Grade II) 20

2.1.3.9.6.3 Anaplastic Malignant (Grade III) 20

2.1.3.9.7 Treatment of Meningioma 20

2.1.3.9.7.1 Surgical Resection 20

2.1.3.9.7.2 Radiation therapy 21

2.1.4 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 21

2.1.4.1 Background 21

2.1.4.2 History of MRI 21

2.1.4.3 Principle of MRI 22

2.1.4.4 Scanner Construction and Operation 23

2.1.4.4.1 Magnet 23

2.1.4.4.2 Radio Frequency(RF) System 23

2.1.4.4.3 Coils 24

2.1.4.4.3.1 Surface Coil 24

2.1.4.4.3.2 Volume Coil 24

2.1.4.4.3.3 Gradient Coil 24

2.1.4.5 Tissue Signal Characteristics 24

2.1.4.5.1 Dark On T1 Weighted Image 25

2.1.4.5.2 Bright On T1 Weighted Image 25

2.1.4.5.3 Bright on T2 Weighted Image 25

2.1.4.5.4 Dark on T2 Weighted Image 25

2.1.4.6 Dynamic Contrast Enhancement 25

2.2 Pervious Study 27

CHAPTER THREE

MATERIAL AND METHODS

3.1 Material 31

3.1.1 Patient 31

3.1.3 Study area 31

3.1.4 patient preparation 31

3.1.6 Patient position 32

3.1.7 Protocol used 32

3.2 Method 32

3.2.1 Data Collection 32

3.2.1 Data Analyzed 32

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULT 33

CHAPTER FIVE

DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATITION

5.1 Discussion 39

5.2 Conclusion 41

5.3 Recommendation 41

5.4 MRI Images of patients 43

References 49

Appendices 53

Data Collection Sheet 56