The Role Of The International Criminal Court In Enhancing Criminal Justice In Uganda

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION ...................................................................................................................... i

APPROVAL ............................................................................................................................ ii

DEDICATION ....................................................................................................................... iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................... iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................... v

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................. ix

LIST OF CASES ..................................................................................................................... xi

CHAPTER ONE ..................................................................................................................... I

1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1

1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................ 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem .................................................................................................. .4

1.3 Purpose of the study ........................................................................................................... 5

1.4. Objective of the study ....................................................................................................... 5

1.4.1 Specific objectives ........................................................................................................... 5

1.6 Research questions ............................................................................................................. 5

1.6 Scope .................................................................................................................................. 6

1.7 Significance of the study .................................................................................................... 6

1.8 Literature Review ............................................................................................................... 6

1.9 Methodology ...................................................................................................................... 9

1.9.1 Preparatory stage ............................................................................................................. 9

1.9.2 Sample selection .............................................................................................................. 9

1.9.3 Data Processing and analysis ........................................................................................ 10

1.9 .4 Editing ........................................................................................................................... 10

V

1.9 Limitations of the Study ................................................................................................... 1 O

CHAPTER TWO .................................................................................................................. 12

2.0 PROCEDURAL ISSUES OF THE ICC: JURISDICTION AND ADMISSIBILITY

................................................................................................................................................ 12

2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 12

2.2Transitional Justice ............................................................................................................ 12

2.2.1 Truth Commissions ....................................................................................................... 13

2.2.2 Amnesty ........................................................................................................................ 19

2.3.3 Lustration ...................................................................................................................... 23

2.2.4 Traditional Justice ......................................................................................................... 24

2.3 Jurisdiction ....................................................................................................................... 24

2.3.1 Subject Matter Jurisdiction ............................................................................................ 24

2.3.1. Crimes against Humanity ............................................................................................. 25

2.3.1.3 War Crimes ................................................................................................................ 25

2.3.1.4 The Crime of Aggression ........................................................................................... 26

2.3.2 Temporal Jurisdiction .................................................................................................... 27

2.3.3 Territorial Jurisdiction ................................................................................................... 28

2.3.4 Personal Jurisdiction ..................................................................................................... 29

2.4 Admissibility .................................................................................................................... 30

2.4.1 The Principle of Complementarily ................................................................................ 31

2.4.2 State Sovereignty vis-a-vis Fight against Impunity ...................................................... 33

2.4.4 The Principle of Universality ........................................................................................ 33

2.4.5 Plea bargaining .............................................................................................................. 34

vi

CHAPTER THREE ............................................................................................................. 36

3.0 CRIMES WITHIN THE JURISDICTION OF THE INTERNATIONAL

CRIMINAL COURT AND THEIR RELATIONSIDP WITH INTERNATIONAL

ENHANCING CRIMINAL JUSTICE ............................................................................... 36

3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 36

3.2 GENOCIDE ..................................................................................................................... 36

3.2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 36

3.2.3 Genocide in the Rome Statute ....................................................................................... 37

3.3 CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY .................................................................................. 38

3.3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 38

3.4.3 The Nuremberg Charter ................................................................................................ 39

3.4.3 The Geneva Conventions of 1949 ................................................................................ .40

3.4.4 War Crimes under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court ................... .40

3 .5 The Crime of Aggression ................................................................................................ .41

3.5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. .4 I

3.6 ICC Crimes and their Relationship with International enhancing criminal justice .......... 42

3.6.1 The Expansion of the Scope ofCrimes ......................................................................... 43

3.6.2 The Recognition of Sexual Violence Crimes in the ICC Statute .................................. 44

3.6.3 The Right to Due Process for the Accused during Trials .............................................. 45

3.6.4 The Right to Protection for Victims and Witnesses ..................................................... .46

3.6 5 CC Crimes and their Relationship with International enhancing criminaljustice ........ 46

3.6.5 The Limitations of the Rome Statute in enforcing enhancing criminal justice ............ .47

3.7 Legal basis of the amnesty ............................................................................................... 50

3.8 Characteristics of the amnesty .......................................................................................... 54

3.6 Prosecutions ..................................................................................................................... 57

3.6. I The duty to prosecute on the basis of treaty obligations ............................................... 57