Voice-Over Internet Protocol Adoption in Rukara College of Education, Eastern Province, Kayon District, Rwanda.

ABSTRACT 

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adoption of VoIP in Rukara College at a greater rate and at the same time find out the reasons for the slower adoption of VoIP. To determine the level of performance and efficiency of the existing technology in Rukara College, Rwanda, to determine the level of performance and efficiency of VoIP in Rukara college, Rwanda, to determine if there is significance difference between the existing technology and the proposed one. There study employed descriptive research design as well as quantitative and qualitative research designs were used to describe data collected from the field, Research Population of about 2140, 140 staff members and 2000 students. For staff members, this included both teaching and non teaching staff, The researcher Used the sloven’s formula to compute the sample size, were by 42 staff members were selected as a sample from 70 staff members while 119 students as a sample were selected from 200 students, Sampling Procedure, Random sampling procedure was used since all members had equal chances and the Research Instrument and the tools used for collecting data from the respondents were personal questionnaires which were designed touching on every objective of the study. The conclusion was based on research objectives, analysis and interpretation of individual views on all problems associated with PSTN that are categorically summarized in percentages like, PSTN signals not enough where more than 70% said that PSTN signals were not good enough, on Inter-communication inefficient more that 80% said was so inefficient, also more than 8O% said that the monthly charges make it expensive due to monthly revenues collected from the collage. Regulatory authorities since the authorities are state agencies incorporated VoIP with PSTN and regulated both of them as a way of giving a chance to institutions bit academic or business enterprises to asses, adopt and utilize the benefits a better technology since it is the state that gets revenue.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COLLEGE OF HIGHER DEGREES AND RESEARCH

KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF.

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS ii

DECLARATION ii

DECLARATION B

DEDICATION iv

ACKNOWLDGEMENT v

TABLE OF CONTENTS vi

LIST OF FIGURES x

LIST OF TABLES xi

CHAPTER ONE

PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE 1

INTRODUCTION 1

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLE 3

PURPOSE OF THE STUD 3

GENERAL OBJECTIVE 3

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE 3

SCOPE OF THE STUDY 4

TIME SCOPE 4

GEOGRAPHICAL SCOPE 4

CONTENT SCOPE 5

THEORETICAL SCOPE 5

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 5

OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS OF THE KEY TERMS 5

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES 8

OVERVIEW 8

CONCEPTS, OPINIONS, IDEAS FROM AUTHORS /EXPERTS 8

INTERNET TELEPHONE 8

CURRENT TREND 8

COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS 13

SECURING VOIP 14

INTERNET CONNECTIONS AND ITS TYPES 15

ADSL CONNECTIONS 15

CABLE CONNECTIONS 15

SATELLITE (HST) 15

DIFFERENT FORMS OF VOIP 17

ANALOG TELEPHONE ADAPTOR 17

SKYPE 17

IP AND CONFRENCE PHONES 18

IP ENABLED PBX 20

COMPUTER TO COMPUTER 21

DEVICES USED IN VOIP TECHNOLOGY 21

END SYSTEMS 22

SIGNALLING SERVER 22

GATEKEEPER 22

H.323 23

SESSION INITIATION PROTOCOL 23

HOW VOIP WORKS 23

BANDWIDTH AND EFFECTIVE BANDWIDITH 29

DELAY 29

NETWORK DELAY 30

ACCUMULATION DELAY 30

PROCESSING DELAY .30

JITTER 30

LATENCY 30

ECHO 31

UNRELIABILITY 31

SCALABILITY 31

PACKET LOSS 31

CALL DROPPING 32

CALL BLOCKING 32

REGULATORY LIMITATIONS 32

THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES 32

RELATED STUDIES 33

ADOPTION OF VOIP IN SWEDEN 33

ANOTHER RELATED STUDIES 34

COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF VOIP ADOPTION IN HOLAND 34

GAPS IDENTIFIED IN RELATED STUDIES 35

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH DESIGN 36

RESEARCH POPULATION 36

SAMPLE SIZE 37

SAMPLING PROCEDURES 37

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT 37

VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE INSTRUMENTS 38

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE 39

DATA ANALYSIS 39

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS 40

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 41

CHAPTER FOUR

INTRODUCTION 42

PRESENTATION ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA 42

ANALYSIS OF DATA COLLECTION 42

DESCRIPTION OF POPULLATION WHICH PARTICIPATED 42

DATA PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATIONS 43

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS STUDY 52

CHAPTER FIVE

FINDINGS, CONCLUSSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 55

FINDINGS 55

CONCLUSSIONS 57

RECOMMENDATIONS 58

REFERENCES 59

APPENDIX 1 61

APPENDIX II 62

APPENDIX III 64

APPENDIX IV 68

APPENDIX V 72