Bamboo Leaf Ash as a Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete

Table of contents

Contents                                                                 Page

Title page                                                                                                       

Certification                                                                      i

Dedication                                                                         ii

Acknowledgment                                                              iii

Table of contents                                                               iv

List of Tables                                                                     viii

List of Plates                                                                      ix

List of figure                                                                      x

Abstract                                                                             xi

CHAPTER ONE 

1.0     Introduction                                                             1

1.1     Statement  of the problem                                        3

1.2     Aim and objectives                                                  4

1.3     Justification of the study                                          5

1.4     Scope and limitation of the work                             5

1.5     Methodology                                                           6

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     Review of literature                                                 7

2.1     Ingredient of concrete                                              9

2.1.1  Water                                                                       9

2.1.2  Aggregates                                                              10

2.1.3  Cement                                                                    11

2.1.4  Admixtures                                                              12

2.2     Bamboo leaf ash                                                      14

2.3     Properties of concrete                                              15

2.3.1  Fresh concrete                                                         15

2.3.2  Hardened concrete                                                   16 

2.4     Factors affecting strength of concrete                      18

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     Materials and methods                                             21

3.1     Material selection                                                    21

3.1.1  Coir Ash                                                                  21

3.1.2  Coarse aggregate                                                     23

3.1.3  Fine aggregate                                                         23

3.1.4  Cement                                                                    23

3.2     Test of the constituent materials                               23

3.2.1  Proportioning                                                          24

3.2.2  Batching                                                                  24

3.2.3  Composition of the constituent materials

for the production of concrete                                  25

3.2.3  Mixing                                                                     27

3.2.4  Casting                                                                    28

3.2.5  Compaction                                                             29

3.2.6  Curing                                                                     29

3.2.7  Crushing                                                                  30

3.3     Experimental Investigation                                      31

3.3.1  Laboratory Test                                                       31

3.3.1.1  Sieves Analysis                                                     31

3.3.1.2  Slump Test                                                            33

3.3.1.4  Compressive strength of concrete                         34

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0     Results and Discussion                                            36

4.1     Result of the Sieve analysis

(Particle Size Distribution)                                      36

4.2     Workability (Slump) Test                                        40

4.3     Density Test                                                             40

4.4     Compressive Strength of the Hardened

Concrete Cubes                                                       44

4.5     Discussion of Result                                                45

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0     Conclusion and Recommendation                           50

5.1     Conclusion                                                              50

5.2     Recommendation                                                     51

Reference                                                                 52                                              

 

 

LIST OF PLATES

Plate: 3.1     Bamboo Leaf in it Natural Habitat                           21

Plate:3.2       Burning of Bamboo Leaf (BLAsh)                         22

Plate 3.3      Sieve Analysis Test on BLAsh                                22

Plate 3.4      Mixing of Bamboo Leaf Ash with

Varying % of Cement, Fine Aggregate

and Coarse Aggregate                                              27

Plate: 3.5     Casting of Concrete Cubes with

BLAsh Replacements                                               28

Plate 3.6      Curing of Concrete Cubes                                       29

Plate 3.7      Compressive Strength Test on the Concrete Cubes  30

Plate 3.8      Slump of Test of BLAsh Concrete                           33

 

LIST OF TABLE

TABLE 3.1  COMPOSITION OF CONSTITUTENT

material for BLAsh concrete

at 0%,5%,10%,15% and 20% case                 27

Table 4.1     The particle size distribution of sharp sand    36

Table 4.2     The Particle Size Distribution of Granite       39

Table 4.3     The Slump Value of The Fresh Concrete       40

Table 4.4     the Density of the Hardened Concrete

after 7 Days of Curing                                   41     

Table 4.5     the Density of the Hardened Concrete

after 14 Days of Curing                                 41

Table 4.6     The Density of the Hardened Concrete

after 21 Days of Curing                                 22

Table 4.7     The Density of the Hardened Concrete

after 28 Days of Curing                                 43

Table 4.8     The Average Density of the Hardened Concrete      43

Table 4.9     Compressive Strength of the Hardened

Concrete after 7 Days                                    44

Table 4.10   Compressive Strength of the Hardened

Concrete after 14 Days                                  45

Table 4.11   Compressive Strength of the Hardened

Concrete after 21 Days                                  46

Table 4.12   Compressive Strength of the Hardened

Concrete after 28 Days                                  47

Table 4.13   Average Compressive Strength of

BLAsh Concrete at different Ages                 28

LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 4.1    Particle Size Distribution Curve of Sharp Sand       37

Figure 4.2    Particle Size Distribution Curve of Granite              39

Figure 4.3    Effects of BLAsh Replacement on

Concrete with respect to Days Curing                     48

ABSTRACT

Concrete is a major construction material, which is usually made by mixing cement, water, fine and coarse aggregate and sometimes admixtures in their right proportions. The use of waste materials with pozzolanic properties in concrete production is a becoming a worldwide practice. The assessment of the pozzolanic activity of cement replacement materials is becoming increasingly important because of the need for more sustainable cementing products. In this bamboo leaf Ash is used as partial replacement for cement in ranges of 5%, 10% 15%. Strength and durability tests were carried out to assess the feasibility of using bamboo leaf ash as partial replacement of cement in concrete. This showed that BLAsh has no significant effect on the density of the concrete comparatively. The strength values at different ages for BLAsh replacements compare to be a bit favorable with the control of 0% BLAsh replacement. The optimum compressive strength of 20.00N/mm2 was obtained at 5% replacement at 28 days of age compared to the control of 20.00N/mm2. It is therefore advisable to use 5% replacement of BLAsh with cement paste when it is to be used as supplement to cement.