Determinants Of Disclosure On Hiv Sero-Status Among People Living With Hiv And On Antiretroviral Treatment At Mombasa County Referral Hospital, Kenya

ABSTRACT

It is estimated that Kenya has 1.6 million people living with HIV and 88,000 new adult infections annually. The country has adult HIV prevalence rate of between 5.6 - 7.2% and incidence rate of 0.4 – 0.7%. Recent studies on HIV disclosure among adult sexual partners revealed HIV 70-80% disclosure rates. A number of studies on HIV and AIDS have been undertaken in Kenya. However, determinants of disclosure among persons living with HIV remain unclear. The objective of this study was to explore the level of HIV sero – status disclosure and preparedness, establish preferred disclosure party, find out disclosure perceptions and determine PLHIV knowledge on spouse HIV sero-status and disclosure outcomes among PLHIV on ART treatment at the Mombasa County Referral Hospital. A cross-sectional study design was employed and both quantitative and qualitative data collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using SPSS version 20, frequencies generated for categorical variables and comparison between proportions examined using Chi– square test. A sample size of 432 was arrived at using Cochrane’s formula from a sample frame of 15,600 PLHIV at the MCRH. Simple random sampling was used to recruit the subjects into the study via administration of papers labeled and folded, where those who pick yes were enrolled into the study and the exercise continued for the entire study period. The subjects recruited were taken through the research purpose, objective, rights, risks, benefits and confidentiality before consenting. Structured questionnaires, in-depth interviews and focused group discussion tools were used to collect data. The quantitative results showed out of 432 participants recruited in the study; were 174 (40.3%) males and 258 (59.7%) females of which 32.9% were married. Majority participants were within 29-38 years range with a mean age of 35.0 years. About 40.5% had secondary education, 31.2% were employed with 17.8% getting a salary below Ksh. 10,000. About 61.1% were Christians and 36.6% Muslims. The overall disclosure rate among PLHIV was 79.2% while disclosure to spouses was 35.9%. Based on gender 53% female and 47% (P, 0