Development and Performance Evaluation of Durability Testing Machine

ABSTRACT

Durability is used for quantifying the quality of briquette as the ratio of the unbroken weight to initial weight of briquette. This equally measure the durability of briquette under impact load during transportation and handling. A durability machine was developed and has dimension of 300mm×(25×25×3mm)×450mm.It was powered by electric motor of size 0.93hp.The results show that briquette formed from moringa stover has durability of 50%,63.4% and 79% from treatment T1 (100g ) , T2 ( 200g ) And T3(300g) respectively with corresponding unit density of (0.126kg/m3,0.130kg/m3 and 0.194kg/m3).Castor stover  has durability of 63.4%,73.3% and79,7%  from treatment T1 ( 100g ) , T2 (200g ) And T3(300g) respectively and unit density of 0.162kg/m3,0.167kg/m3and 0.193kg/m3).sorghum stover has durability of (73.3%,79% and 87.4%) from treatment T1(100g), T2(200g) And T3(300g) and  unit density of 0.316kg/m3,0.273kg/m3and 0.262kg/m3.the  testing duration 3min and rotational speed 40rpm. . The durability test shows that sorghum stover has the highest durability compares to moringa stover and castor s

TABLE OF CONTENT

Tittle page                                                                                                                  i

Certification                                                                                                               ii

Dedication                                                                                                                  iii

Acknowledgement                                                                                                      iv

Abstract                                                                                                                      v

Table of Content                                                                                                         vi

List of Figure                                                                                                              vii

List of Table                                                                                                               viii

CHAPTER ONE:  INTRODUCTION                                                                         

1.1  Preambles                                                                                                            1

1.2  Statement of the Problems                                                                                   2

1.3  Durability Characteristics                                                                                   2

1.4  Objectives                                                                                                            3

1.5  Justification                                                                                                         3

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1  Definition of Durability                                                                                      4

2.2  Durability measurement and equipment                                                             4

2.2.1  Tumbler tester                                                                                                  4

2.2.2   Dural tester                                                                                                      6

2.2.3   Lingo tester                                                                                                     7

2.2.4   Holmen tester                                                                                                  8

2.2.5   Drop tester                                                                                                       9

2.3      Durability tester                                                                                               10

2.3.1   Briquette durability test                                                                                   11

2.3.2   Pellet durability test                                                                                         11

2.3.3   Durability test of cubes                                                                                   12

2.4      Factors affecting durability of briquette                                                         13

2.4.1   Effects of feed constituent on durability of briquette                                     13

2.4.2   Effect on moisture content on durability of briquette                                     14

2.4.3   Effect of particle size on durability of briquette                                             15

2.4.4   Effect of steam conditioning/preheating on durability of briquette                15

2.4.5   Effects of binders/addictives on durability of briquette                                  15

CHAPTER THREEE: MATERIAL AND METHOLOGY

3.1     Material                                                                                                            16

3.2     Description of durability testing machine                                                        16

3.3     Component part of the machine                                                                       16

3.3.1   Frame                                                                                                               16

3.3.2   Durability box                                                                                                  17

3.3.3   Pulley and belt                                                                                                 17

3.3.4   Bearing                                                                                                            17

3.3.5   Shaft                                                                                                                17

3.3.6   Key                                                                                                                  17

3.3.7   Electric motor                                                                                                  18

3.4      Design consideration                                                                                       18

3.4.1   Portability                                                                                                        18

3.4.2   Cost of production                                                                                           18

3.4.3   Area/volume                                                                                                    18

3.5      Assembly of the construction                                                                          19

3.6      Design calculation                                                                                           19

3.6.1   Determination of power transmitted shaft                                                      19

3.6.2   Pulley design                                                                                                   20

3.6.3   Belt design                                                                                                       21

3.7    Performance evaluation                                                                                     22

3.7.1  Experimental design                                                                                         22

3.7.2   Experimental instrument                                                                                 22

3.7.3   Experimental material                                                                                     22

3.7.4   Experimental procedure                                                                                  23

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1    Result                                                                                                                 26

4.1.1 Durability and unit density of moringa ground                                                 26

4.1.2  Durability and unit density of castor ground                                                    27

4.1.3  Durability and unit density of sorghum ground                                               28

4.2    Discussion                                                                                                         29

CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1   Conclusion                                                                                                          35

5.2   Recommendation                                                                                               36

 Reference                                                                                                                   37

Appendix