Factors Associated with Prevalence of HIV Among Youths of Age 18-35 Years Attending HIV Guidance and Counseling in Abim Hospital Heart Clinic, Abim District

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION ................................................................................................................................................ I

APPROVAL ...................................................................................................................................................... II

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..................................................................................................................................III

DEDICATION................................................................................................................................................... V

LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................................................IX

TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................................ X

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................................................................XI

ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................................................................XII

CHAPTER ONE .......................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 1

1.1. BACKGROUND.............................................................................................................................................. 1

1.2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM....................................................................................................................... 3

1.3. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY ........................................................................................................................... 5

1.3.1. GENERAL OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................ 5

1.3.2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES................................................................................................................................. 5

1.4. STUDY QUESTIONS........................................................................................................................................ 5

1.5. JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY ....................................................................................................................... 6

1.6. SIGNIFICANCE .............................................................................................................................................. 6

1.6.1. TO THE ACADEMIC BODY ........................................................................................................................... 6

1.6.2. TO THE COMMUNITY.................................................................................................................................. 6

1.7. SCOPE OF THE STUDY.................................................................................................................................... 7

1.7.1. CONTENT SCOPE ........................................................................................................................................ 7

1.7.2. TIME SCOPE............................................................................................................................................... 7

1.7.3. GEOGRAPHIC SCOPE................................................................................................................................... 7

1.7.4. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK........................................................................................................................ 8

CHAPTER TWO ......................................................................................................................9

LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................................................... 9

1.0. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 9

2.1. SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH PREVALENCE OF HIV INFECTION AMONG YOUTHS. ........... 9

2.2. CULTURAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH PREVALENCE OF HIV AMONG YOUTHS. ................................... 12

2.3. BEHAVIORAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH PREVALENCE OF HIV INFECTION AMONG YOUTHS. ............... 13

CHAPTER THREE ................................................................................................................14

METHODOLOGY........................................................................................................................................... 14

2.0. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 14

3.1. STUDY AREA .............................................................................................................................................. 14

3.2. STUDY POPULATION ................................................................................................................................... 14

3.2.1. INCLUSION CRITERIA................................................................................................................................ 14

3.2.2. EXCLUSION CRITERIA .............................................................................................................................. 14

3.3. STUDY DESIGN ........................................................................................................................................... 14

3.4. SAMPLING PROCEDURE AND SAMPLE SIZE.................................................................................................... 15

vii

3.5. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT ............................................................................................................................. 15

3.6. METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION .................................................................................................................. 16

3.7. DATA ANALYSIS PLAN................................................................................................................................ 16

3.8. DATA QUALITY CONTROL .......................................................................................................................... 16

3.9. DATA PRESENTATION ................................................................................................................................. 16

3.10. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY ....................................................................................................................... 16

3.11. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: ...................................................................................................................... 16

3.12. STUDY VARIABLES ................................................................................................................................... 17

3 .12.1. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES. .................................................................................................................... 17

3.12.2. DEPENDENT VARIABLE: ......................................................................................................................... 17

3.13. DATA PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................ 17

CHAPTER FOUR...................................................................................................................18

RESULTS........................................................................................................................................................ 18

3.0. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 18

4.1. SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESPONDENTS; .................................................................. 18

4.2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS ........................................................................................................................ 19

4.3. CULTURAL FACTORS................................................................................................................................... 21

4.4. BEHAVIORAL FACTORS; .............................................................................................................................. 22

CHAPTER FIVE.....................................................................................................................23

DISCUSSION OF RESULTS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. 23

5.0. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 23

5.1. DISCUSSION OF RESULT........................................................................................................................ 23

5.1.1. SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS ............................................................................................................. 23

5.1.2. CULTURAL FACTORS ........................................................................................................................ 24

5.1.3. BEHAVIORAL FACTORS; ................................................................................................................... 25

5.2. CHALLENGES ....................................................................................................................................... 25

5.3. HOW CHALLENGES WERE OVERCOME............................................................................................................. 26

5.4. CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................................ 26

5.4.1. SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS .............................................................................................................. 26

5.4.2. CULTURAL FACTORS ........................................................................................................................ 26

5.4.3. BEHAVIORAL FACTORS..................................................................................................................... 26

5.5. RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................................ 26

5.5.1. MINISTRY LEVEL ............................................................................................................................. 26

5.5.2. DISTRICT LEVEL .............................................................................................................................. 27

5.5.3. COMMUNITY LEVEL.......................................................................................................................... 27

APPENDIX I...........................................................................................................................28

REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................ 28

APPENDIX II: ........................................................................................................................31

QUESTIONAIRE ............................................................................................................................................ 31

APPENDIX III........................................................................................................................36

MAP OF UGANDA SHOWING THE LOCATION OF ABIM.......................................................................... 36