In preparation and characterization of adsorbent obtained from corn curbs, potassium hydroxide was used as an activating agent at ratio of 1:1, 7:8 and 3:4 with the corn curbs and their pH values were found to be 8.5, 8.03 and 8.0 respectively, ash content were found to be 41.56, 46.78 and 48.31wt%. The BET surface area values were 17.762461, 25.455146 and 201.54631m2/g respectively and the best activated carbon formulation arrived was 3:4 AC. INTRODUCTION An adsorbent is a porou...
Abstract It is of no doubt that one day, fossil fuels, which the whole world highly depends on, will come to a halt in a few decades to come. To this reason, researches have been geared towards alternative sources of energy: biodiesel, a form of renewable energy (energy that can be regenerated once used up), is one that has been made known and being tested in some parts of the world. Due to the fact that biodiesel is hygroscopic (absorbs water readily from the atmosphere), as well as other fa...
Cultivation of microalgae on municipal waste water Extraction of the oil from the algae cells. Production of biodiesel from the algae oil. Characterization of the biodiesel produced. Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Statement of Problem 1.3 Aims and Objectives of Study 1.4 Significance of Study 1.5 Scope of Study Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.1 Background 2.2 Microalgae for Biodiesel production 2.3 Municipal waste water as Growth media 2.4 Microalgae Biodiesel Stages 2.5 Transe...
Environmental pollution as a result of drilling and mining activities in areas where deposits of petroleum and oil are found, proved a great threat to the wellness of the fauna and flora as well as to the humans. TABLE OF CONTENTS Background of studyliterature reviewOil pollution act of 1990DieselChemical composition Volatility of DieselSoil, it's chemical and physical properties Site CharacterizationSoil contamination Sources of organic contaminants SurfactantsKrafft and cloud points...
Oil obtained from orange peels and velvet tamarind nut by solvent extraction (n-hexane and acetone) using the soxhlet extractor were investigated as feedstock’s to determine some of the suitable parameters such as iodine value, saponification value, specific gravity, density, acid value and free fatty acid value, and their percentage yield that are suitable for biodiesel production. The density of orange and tamarind oil were found to be 0.9326g/cm3 and 0.8541g/cm3 respectively, their acid ...
Kenaf reinforced polyethylene composites for ballistic protection was produced in this work. The samples of alkaline treated and silane-coupled non-woven matted kenaf fibers were cut to the required dimensions and oriented vertically and horizontally in combinations with a virgin high density polyethylene (VHDPE). The composite panels were produced using Box-Behnken 3-variables settings. The following factors settings were used (molding temperature: 160 0C to 200 0C; molding time: 60 minute...
ABSTRACT The potential advantage and application of the photocatalytic process using titanium dioxide as the photocatalyst to treat industrial waste water in UV irradiation has been reported. The aim of this work is to investigate the effectiveness of photocatalytic degradation using TiO2 in treating pharmaceutical waste water. Wastewater was collected from the homogenous tank of effluent treatment plant (ETP) of a Pharmaceutical company. The raw sample was tested and the COD, BOD and pH we...
ABSTRACT The advent of sachet and bottled water has increasingly filled the gap in household water security. This research work was carried out to assess the quality of bottled and sachet water sold in Bauchi metropolis. Thirty (30) water brands consisting of twenty (20) sachet water brands and ten (10) bottled water brands were assessed for their physical, chemical and microbiological parameters using standard analytical procedures. Physical examination was carried out...
This project contains details of Coal fired circulating fluidize boiler.The motivation of our project was to develop a method which is energy economical i.e. uses less energy owing to increasing energy issues. Process description, mass balance, energy balance, equipment design, and cost estimation of circulating fluidized bed boiler for combustion of coal to generate 50 MW electricity as part of chemical plan design project.Coal has always been at the top of list of sources of energy. We have...
In the present study, an attempt was made to investigate the use of Shea butter as the oily base in the formulation of analgesic (Methyl salicylate) creams using hydrous wool fat base cream as standard. Methyl salicylate (The active ingredient), Bees wax, water and Shea butter obtained from local sources and refined were used separately on three different types on emulsifying agents namely cetrimide, polysorbate 80 and sodium lauryl sulphate, in the formulation of the analgesic cream. The s...
The saturated liquid density deviations were compared using the PR, RSK (Advanced), AGA8, and GERG2008 EoSes. The bubble pressure deviations, saturated liquid densities, isobaric specific heat capacities, and enthalpy of vaporization were compared using the PR, RSK (Advanced) and GERG2008 EoSes. The GERG2008 EoS was used to analyse the effect of nitrogen and heavy alkanes on the thermophysical properties of LNG mixtures. Experimental density data was used to compare the accuracy of the Revi...
ABSTRACT The research titled extraction and characterization of watermelon seed oil was carried to investigate the effect that different drying methods, solvents and seed size would have on the quality and quantity of oil from watermelon (Citrilus lanatus) seeds. The watermelon seeds were removed from the pod and washed. The sample was weighed and divided into two equal parts; one part was subjected to sun drying while the other part was subjected to oven drying (at a temperature of 30 oC). D...
ABSTRACT Biomass is organic materials that are made from plants and animals. Biomass stored alot of energy from the sun. Biomass is renewable sources of energy which can grow more such as trees and crops, and waste always exist. Example of this biomass may include wood, forage crops, manure and some garbage and alcohol fuels. The usable forms of energy suc...
ABSTRACTThe design of a 1000 tonnes per annum Shea butter plant was carried out using data obtained from literature. Assumptions were made, where experimental data were not available. The block diagram, process flow sheet, material and energy balance on the process was carried out and presented on this work. A total of six units were used in the design, comprising of the dryer, de-sheller, roaster, expeller, filter and refiner (reactor). The plant is expected to operate for eight hours per da...
ABSTRACTA study on the effects of post- harvest variables on the yield and quality of Shea butter wascarried out. The Shea nuts acquired from villages were divided into five batches with avillage/uncontrolled sample. Each batch was boiled at different time ranges (0, 15, 30, 45 and60) minutes. Each batch was dried through an oven drying method. Also, each sample wasdivided into two equal parts and was cooked for 30°C (room temperature) and ...