Research Papers/Topics in Chemistry
Momordica foetida phytochemical screening
CHAPTER ONE1.0 INTRODUCTIONBioactive plants are commonly used by traditional healers or in folklore medicines for the relief of pain or some alignments. This act of medication has made some plant families popular (Heinrich 2000; Kuete et al., 2006).The acceptance of traditional medicine as an alternative form of health care has assistedscientists in elevating these claims, by studying the chemical composition and biological potential (Bisignano et al., 1996; Hammer et al., 1999). This has led...
Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Lavandula angustifolia
Abstract: This present study deals with the quantitative and qualitative phytochemical screening, the antimicrobial properties and thin layer chromatography of Lavandulaangustifolia leaves extracts. These were achieved using the cold maceration method of extraction involving hexane, water (aqueous) and ethanol, to ensure that a wide polarity range of components are extracted. Alkaloid, phenol, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, glycosides and steroids were observed present in the leaves extra...
Quantum chemical calculations on SiF4 and it's protonated analogues
Abstract: For every heteronuclear molecule, protonation can occur at more than one site thus giving rise to more than one proton affinity. Experimentally, only one proton affinity (PA) value is reported for a molecule and the experiment does not specify the site for the protonation. In the present work, quantum chemical calculations are carried out on SiF4 and its possible protonated analogues (HF4Si+ and HSiF4+) by employing several computational chemistry methods in...
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ECO- FRIENDLY UREA-FORMALDEHYDE COMPOSITES BASED ON NATURAL CELLULOSE FIBER
Cellulose is the most common structural biological organic compound on Earth which is widely used in paper and textile industries and urea-formaldehyde resin is a thermosetting plastic used mostly as adhesives for plywood, particleboard and other structured wood products. Natural fiber composites are realistic alternatives of glass fiber composites. Using urea-formaldehyde, resorcinol-formaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde, saturated polyesters as matrixes and natural fiber as reinforcement, ...
Properties of urea-formaldehyde-resin-cellulose composites
Cellulose is the most abundant, structural, biological organic compound on Earth which is widely used in paper and textile industries. In this project work, the blend of compressive character of Urea-Formaldehyde Resin with addition of Cellulose is tested. Cellulose can be extracted from dried plant by alkaline treatment (mercerization), followed by neutralization with acid; product of which undergoes bleaching to produce pure form of cellulose. Urea Formaldehyd...
Eco-friendly Urea-Formaldehyde Composites Based on Natural Cellulose Fiber
The variation of character of urea formaldehyde resin with addition of cellulose extracted from corn husk was tested. Cellulose was extracted from dried raw corn (Zea mays) husk, the second largest agricultural crop grown around the world, by alkaline treatment (mercerization), followed by neutralization with acid; product of which underwent bleaching to produce pure form of cellulose. Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin was prepared by heating the formaldehyde in paraffin oil bath and adding...
Sorption of refampicin on variable soil
Sorption and desorption of rifampicin was assessed on three different soil. Sorption mechanism was studied in terms of equilibrium and kinetics at different pH. Linear, Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models were adopted to study the isotherm. The experimental data were best described by pseudo-second order kinetics (R2 = 1.00). It was observed that rifampicin absorbs better on soil with lowest organic carbon content. Sorption was observed to increase with decrease in aqueous pH and i...
A STUDY OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS, NUTRITIVE AND ANTI-NUTRITIVE VALUES OF CALABASH FRUIT
The calabash (Cresentia cujete) fruit was studied for its proximate and mineral composition as well as its phytochemical constituents. The sugar content, energy content, protein, nitrogen, crude fibre, moisture content, sucrose, fructose, galactose and energy content are quite reasonably high (viz: 1.13%, 8.35%, 1.34%, 4.28%, 84.92%, 59.86%, 25.09%, 18.24% and 88.69%). The pH of the fruit falls within the acidic range (4.8) and the mean value recorded for the ele...
Kinetic studies of the biosorption of lead and zinc from solution using tea fibre
Abstract: This paper presents a biobsorption study on Zn and Pb(II) from dilute aqueous solution using tea fiber as the biosorbent. The biosorption study was carried out as a function of contact time, initial metal ion concentration and biosorbent dosage. The residual Zn and Pb(II) in solution were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The biosorption was also time dependent as maximum biosorption was obtained after 10 and 20 min, for both lead and zinc respectively. Kine...
Medicinal Chemistry Comparative Phytochemical Screening on Three Growth Stages of Pennisetum Pedicellatum Trin
A comparative preliminary study on the extraction and phytochemical profile of methanolic extracts of the leave, stem and root of pennisetum pedicellatum Trin at three growth stages (i.e stage 1, stage 2, stage 3) was carried out. The extracts were analysed to determine the presence of phytochemicals in the plant. The study revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and steroids. Tanins were found only in the stems of the plants and steroids were found only in the leaves....
PRODUCTION OF POTASSIUM SALT (K2SO4) FROM AGRICULTURAL WASTE (UNRIPE PLANTAIN PEELS)
ABSTRACT The production of potassium salt K2SO4 from unripe plantain agricultural waste was carried out. The sample randomly sourced from canteens located in Owerri West, Imo State. From the result of analysis carried out on the peels was found to contain highest level of K 2.55 ± 1.54 mg/g. other mineral component found were Na 159 ± 1.3 mg/g, Ca 101 ± 0.95 mg/g, Mg 75 ± 0.55 mg/g, Fe 5.8 ± 0.06 mg/g, P 36 ± 1.65. The yield of potassium sulphate, the target of this wor...
PROXIMATE AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF AFRICAN ELEMI NUTS
ABSTRACT The proximate compositions of African elemi nut were investigated by analyzing the moisture content, crude fat, ash content, crude fibre, crude protein and total carbohydrates in the nut. The associations of official analytical chemist (AOAC, 2000) methods were used. The values obtained from the proximate analysis were; moisture content (28.79%), ash (3.41%), crude fiber (2.84%), fat (30.42%), protein (8.40%), carbohydrate (26.14%). The GC-MS characterization revealed th...
PRELIMINARY DETERMINATION OF THE ACTIVE COMPONENTS IN BITTER LEAF ROOT (VERNONIA AMYGDALINA) EXTRACTS IN THE TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS
ABSTRACT This research work is on the preliminary determination of active components in bitter leaf root (vernonia amygdalina) in the treatment of diabetes. Deficiency of hormone (insulin) causes diabetes mellitus, a disease due to too much of sugar being present in the blood. This is because without insulin in the body, the result is that sugar is extracted in the urine. Consequently, fat and proteins are readily converted to carbohydrates and finally, glucose eventually. The body re...
Effect of EDTA on Tomatoes Plants Seedlings Under Nickel Toxicity
CHAPTER ONE1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 NICKEL1.1.1 Occurrence Nickel (Ni) is a metallic element,with atomic number 28; atomic weight 58.69. Is a metal, which belongs to group VIIIB of the periodic table. The most important oxidation state of nickel is +2, although the +3 and +4 oxidation states are also known (Tundermann et al., 2005). Nickel resembles iron, cobalt, and copper in its chemical properties. However, unlike cobalt and iron, ...
RELEASE KINETICS OF CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS ESSENTIAL OIL FROM STARCH BEADS
ABSTRACT The essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus was extracted using a green method (i.e. essential oil still), encapsulated into cassava starch matrix using sodium alginate as a binder. The encapsulated sodium alginate starch beads were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR), release kinetics of the oil was monitored by UV-Visible Spectrophotometry from two (2) aqueous media, buffer of pH 4 and pH 9. The re...
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