Ibom Cargo Seaport Terminal, Ibaka: A Study of Passenger Circulation and Safety

ABSTRACT AkwaIbom State, the Land of Promise and Fulfillment has over the years been confronted with the problem of rapid growing human and vehicular traffic congestion. This problem is largely caused by the rate of migration of people into AkwaIbom State. Infact recent statistics has it that over 2000 people enter AkwaIbom on a daily basis. This figure results to an estimated two hundred thousand people that move around AkwaIbommetropoly on a daily basis. This geometric increase in population of people in AkwaIbom State as against a rather static infrastructure (road network) development has resulted to a multiplicity of transportation problems in several parts of AkwaIbom State one of which is Mbo-Ibaka. Mbo-Ibaka with estimated population of over one million is not just affected by transportation problem but also by poor transportation induced problems such as poverty and retarded economic development. Fortunately, Mbo-Ibaka as well as majority of AkwaIbom suburbs is blessed with one viable source of economic development especially in the transportation sector water. This thesis therefore is intended to examine the present situation of water transportation system in AkwaIbom State (with special focus on Mbo-Ibaka) as it relates terminals, and there after proffer architectural design solutions to the circulation, modern cargo handling and security problems associated with them. Chapter one is the introduction of the topic in a broad spectrum, Chapter two goes on to explain the theoretical framework of the proposed scheme, with emphasis on its need and viability. Chapter three focuses on port terminal planning principles. Chapter four focuses on Case Studies, Chapter five will deal on Site study which includes climatic and topographical analysis of the proposed site for the project will be treated in Chapter six, the design synthesis and concept will be treated.

Table of Contentsv

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List of Figuresvi

List of Tables vii

Abstract xvii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0.0. Introduction1

1.0.1. Background Of Study 2

1.0.2. .Architectural Problem Statement 8

1.0.3. Aim Of Study8

1.0.4. Objectives Of Study 9

1.0.5. Motivation 9

1.0.6. Significance Of The Study 10

1.0.7. Definition of Terms / Key Concepts 11

1.0.8. Scope and Limitation of Study 11

1.0.9. Research Methodology 12

1.1.0. Relevance of Study 12

CHAPTER TWO13

LITERATURE REVIEW / THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

2.0. Preamble 13

2.0.1. World Developments In Water Transportation 13

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2.0.2. Port Evolution And Development 15

2.0.3. Regionalization And Transshipment Hubs 18

2.0.4. African Development In Port Terminals 21

2.0.5. Port Activities in westAfrica 21

2.0.6. Port Activities in Nigeria 22

2.0.7Inland Water ways in Nigeria 24

2.0.8. Inland Waterways System In AkwaIbom State 25

2.0.9. Classification Of Port Harbours27

2.1.0. The Marine As Means Of Transportation.29

2.1.1 The Ocean 30

2..1.2. Ocean Transportation 34

2.1.3. Benefits Of Water Transportation 35

2.1.4 Ferry Port Terminal and Economic Development 37

2.1.5.Importance of Waterways and Ports 37

2.1.6. General Merits 38

2.1.7. Principal Ports in Nigeria 39

2.1.8. Design Strategy 39

2.1.9. Circulation And Zoning 39

2.2.0. Circulation in Port Terminals42

2.2.1.Importance Circulation Systems in Port Terminals 45

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2.2.2. Classification Of Circulations In Port Terminals 45

2.2.3. Vehicular Traffic Problems 46

2.2.4. Design Solutions To Vehicular Traffic Problems 47

2.2.5. Garage Design Requirement Analysis 50

2.2.6. Drive Way Layout Criteria 51

2.2.7. Pedestrian Circulation. 54

2.2.8. Queuing Areas 56

2.2.9. Pedestrian Footways And Paths: 56

2.3.0. Codes AndDevelopment Regulations In AkwaIbom State 57

2.3.1. Right Of Way And Type Of Structure 57

2.3.2. Setbacks To Water Bodies And Gorges In AkwaIbom State 58

2.3.3. Fire Precautions 58

2.3.4. Industrial/Commercial Car Parking Requirements 59

2.3.5. Permissible Building Height InIbom Seaport 59

2.3.6. Infrastructure Development Regulations in AkwaIbom State 61

2.3.7. General Permissible Setbacks InAkwaIbom State 61

2.3.8. Right of Way and type Of Structure 61

2.3.9. Theoretical Framework 61

2.4.0. Ports And Port Sites 61

2.4.1. Port Facilities And Operations66

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2.4.2. Gate 67

2,4.3.Transit Sheds 68

2.4.4. Warehouses 69

2,4.5. Port Administration Building 70

2.4.6. Workshops 71

2.4.7. Cold Storage Building 72

2.4.8. Shipping Operations 73

2.4.9. Cargo Handling 73

2.5.0. Handling Equipments74

2.5.1. Port City Relations 77

2.5.2. Conclusion 79

CHAPTER THREE80

3.0. General Guidelines, Planning Principles and design considerations80

3.0.1. Background Framework80

3.0.2.General 81

3.0.3. Principle of Ternimal Planning 81

3.0.4 Planning Objectives 82

3.0.5. Planning requirements of component(s) Spaces83

3.0.6. Technical Planning Details 84

3.0.7. Other Planning Considerations 87

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3.0.8. Spatial Organizational Concpets of Building Outer Space 93

3.0.9. Functional Design Approaches to Terminal Building 97

3.1.0. Linear Spatial System of Planning 97

3.1.1. Centralised Spatial System of Planning98

3.1.2. Radial Spattial System of Planning 99

3.1.3. Grid Spatial System of Planning100

3.1.4. Clustered Spatial System of Planning 101

3.1.5. General Design Considerations 102

3.1.6. Planning Consideration 103

3.1.6. Environmental Considerations 116

3.1.7. Building System 127

3.1.8. Foundation System 128

3.1.9. Security 133

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0.0. CaseStudies 134

Introduction

4.0.1. Calabar Port 134

4.0.2. Apapa Port Terminal 137

4.0.3. Hamburg Ferry And Cruise Ship Terminal, Germany. 139

4.0.4. Tokyo Harunmi Ferry Port Terminal Japan 141

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4.0.5. Stockholm Ferry Port , Finland 144

4.0.6. Implications of Case Studies 152

Conclusion 153

CHAPTER FIVE 154

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS 154

5.0.0. The Questionnaire 154

5.0.1. The Survey Methodology 155

5.0.2. Summary of Deductions 157

5.0.3. Site Selection Criteria158

5.0.4. Analysis of Potential Sites 159

5.0.5. Site Decision 161

5.0.6. Study Area And Population Studies 161

5.0.7. Site Location 162

5.0.7.1 Brief Description of Mbo-Ibaka163

5.0.8.The Proposed Site 164

5.0.9. Description of Mbo River 166