Malaria Situation In Namibia: A Study Of Vector Species And Effectiveness Of The Past And Current Control Strategies In Selected Parts Of Namibia

ABSTRACT

The distribution of malaria in Namibia is mainly confined to the northern parts of Namibia. Although the malaria vectors were presumed to be Anopheles arabiensis, a member of the Anopheles gambiae group of morphologically similar species, no scientific study had been undertaken to identify the species in Namibia. Given the variable behaviour of this species, in an area where the mainstay for vector control has been indoor residual house spraying (IRS) with 75% DDT wettable powder since the 1960’s, reassessment of the vector species composition and its resting and biting behaviour are absolutely important. In addition to insecticide house spraying, the malaria control included case management with Chloroquine, as the first line treatment for uncomplicated malaria. The general objective of the study was to determine the vector species in malaria transmission, seasonal abundance, behaviour of malaria vectors and efficiency of the diagnostic and treatment procedures and the overall malaria control scenario in Namibia. Two sites were selected for this study based on the demographic, epidemiological and climatic conditions that are believed to represent the various malaria endemic areas in northern Namibia.