Phonological Sound of Children

47 PAGES (11676 WORDS) Psychiatric Nursing Project
Subscribe to access this work and thousands more
ABSTRACT
The lack of culturally appropriate norms for assessing the speech and language status of children has been an ongoing issue. At present, there are no normative data against which to assess the phonological skills of children. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of phonological awareness (PA) training with typically developing preschool children in a classroom setting. The study used sample of 50 preschool children through the guidance of their teachers. Questionnaires were used together data for the study.

The findings indicated that informal articulation or phonological assessments were widely used. Only a minority of the respondents used standardized articulation or phonological assessments. The majority of the respondents felt that the lack of locally developed standardized tests and the utilization of informal assessments of articulation and phonology in their clinics did not provide accurate diagnoses or intervention plans. They felt that there was a need for collecting phonological developmental data and creating articulation and phonology assessments for children.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
DECLARATION       i
ABSTRACT   ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT     iii
DEDICATION           iv
LIST OF TABLES     ix

CHAPTER
1: INTRODUCTION  
Background to the study       
Statement of the problem       
Research objectives
Research questions      
Significance of the study        
Organization of the study      

CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE         
Introduction   
Phonological sound
Pholonogical awareness
Developing phonological awareness
Alphabetical knowledge
Development of alphabetical knowledge
The contribution of phonological awareness and alphabetical accuracy
Development of phonological awareness skills
Phonological awareness instructions
Activities that heightens phonological awareness
Studies on phonological awareness training

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 
Introduction   
Study design  
Population      
Sample and sampling procedure        
Instruments    
Primary and secondary data  
Validity and reliability           

CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION   
Introduction   
Quantitative measures
Phonological accuracy
Phonological patterns
Age and gender
Phonological acquisition
Socio economical background
Implications

CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION        
Introduction   
Limitation and future directions        
Recommendations     
REFERENCES         
APPENDICES    
Subscribe to access this work and thousands more