PRODUCTION OF LIQUID SOAP USING LEMONGRASS AS FRAGRANCE

ABSTRACT

Lemon grass (Cymbogon citratus) is an abundant, locally available plant. In this work, essential oil was extracted from it using solvent extraction method.  In this work two methods of extraction was used, solvent extraction and enfleurage methods were used to extract essential oil from lemongrass. Solvent extraction method yielded 2.08% and effleurage method yielded 1.96% essential oil respectively. From the analysis solvent extraction gave the highest yield because of the less exposure to air and heat and this conform the literature value. Liquid soap was produced using the essential oil and it was found to have a strong, long-lasting, pleasant smell.

                                             TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………………………………………..i

CERTIFICATION……………………………………………………………………………….ii

DEDICATION…………………………………………………………………………………..iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………………………….……iv

ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………………………v

TABLE OF CONTENT………………………………………………………………………….vi

LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………………..x

LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………………………xi

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………… 1

1.1Lemongrass as fragrance…………………………………………………………………2

1.2 Statement of problem……………………………………………………..........………...4

1.3Justification/ significance of the research………………………………………...........…4 

1.4 Aims/ objectives of the research……………………………………………………........4

1.5 Limitation/ scope of research……………………………………………………….…... 5                              

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Historical development of liquid soap and lemongrass…………………..8

2.2 Concept of lemongrass…………………………………….…………………10

2.3 Properties of lemongrass…………………………………………….………………11

2.3.1 Physical properties……………………………………………………………..12

2.3.2 Chemical properties……………………………………………………………….12

2.4 Production of lemongrass…………………………………………….………13

2.5 Cultivation of lemongrass…………………………………………………14

2.6 General uses……………………………..……………………………………..15

2.7 Benefits of lemongrass oil…………………………………………………..17

CHAPTER THREE

MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1 Sample source and preparation………………………………………..……….18

3.2 Apparatus and solvents.……………………………………………………………18

3.3 Solvent extraction method…………………………….……………………….….19

3.4 Enflueurage………………………………..………………………19

3.5  Preparation of liquid soap………………………………….……………………20

3.6 Determination of physiochemical formulation of liquid soap…………23

3.7 Assesment of cleansing agent and fragrance potential…………………. 24

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Solvent extraction method…………………………………………………….25

4.2 Enfleurage extraction method……………………………………………….26  

CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………………….…….29

RECOMMENDATION……………………………………………………………………..30                                                                                                                                                         

REFERENCE……………………………………………………………………………….…31

APPENDIX……………………………………………………………………………….……