QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF DRINKING WATER SOURCES (STUDY OF OLOWOTEDO COMMUNITY, OGUN STATE)

ABSTRACT

The study aimed to assess the quality of drinking water in Olowotedo community of Ogun state, Nigeria. Five samples were taken from different sources (wells, borehole, tap and sachet water) were analyzed, Selection of water samples was carried out using proportionate allocation, equal allocation, simple random sampling  and systematic sampling methods depending on the stage. The water  quality parameters examined and their results for all the five water samples were; colour having 0.0TCU, taste and odour were absent, temperature was 24.7oC, 26.2oC, 25.6oC, 25.5oC and 25.7oC respectively, turbidity was 0.0NTu, sulphate was 0.0ppm, Ph was 7.42, 7.24, 7.75, 8.15 and 8.55 respectively, hardness was >150ppm, nitrate was >10mg/L, >10mg/L, >3.4mg/L, >1.94mg/L and >1.0mg/L respectively, iron was 1.65mg/L, 0.25mg/L, 1.5mg/L, 1.85mg/L and 1.7mg/L respectively, chloride was 62ppm, 15ppm, 50ppm, 60ppm and 65ppm respectively, resistivity was-1 , conductivity was 246, 223, 362, 400 and 400 respectively, salinity was 400, TDS was 144.8mg/L, 142.4/L, 219mg/L, 116.7mg/L and 114.8mg/L respectively, coliform and E-coli were only present in one of the five samples.

Finally, there is an urgent need to improve on the quality of drinking water in Olowotedo town coupled with mass health education to the community.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title pagei 

Declarationii 

Certificationiii

Acknowledgementiv Abstractv

Table of Contentvi

List of Figuresviii

List of Tablesix

List of Platesx

Acronymsxi

CHAPTER ONE:  INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background1

1.2 Problem Statement5

1.3 Significance for the Study6

1.4 Aim and Objectives6

1.5 Limitation7

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Sources of Water Supply8

2.2 Properties of Water9

2.3 Quality of Drinking Water and Drinking Water Quality Guideline9

2.4 Water Pollution / Contamination14

2.5 Water Treatment16

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY

3.1 Study Area18

3.2 Study Design20

3.3 Study Population20

3.4 Sample Size Determination20

3.5 Procedure23

3.5.1 PH23

3.5.2 Turbidity24

3.5.3 Color24

3.5.4 Total dissolved solids24

3.5.5 Chlorides24

3.5.6 Residual chlorine25

3.5.7 Nitrates/Nitrite25

3.5.8 Fluorides26

3.5.9 Iron26

3.5.10 Faecal coliform and Total coliform counts26

3.6    Data Analysis26

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS

4.1 Background28

4.2 Laboratory Analysis of quality Drinking water28

4.2.1 Laboratory Analysis of Physical Quality of Water34

4.2.2 Laboratory Analysis of chemical quality of water36

4.2.3 Laboratory Analysis of Bacteriological Quality of Water38

4.3. Comparison of quality of water of differences sources38

4.4 Discussion41

CHAPTER FIVE

5.2 Conclusion44

5.3 Recommendations44

REFERENCES46

APPENDICES48