Quantitative Assessment of T Cell Repertoire during Plasmodium falciparum Infection

Abstract Malaria pathogenesis is an intricate process mediated by factors found in both the host and the parasite. The adaptive immune response to the most lethal malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, remains to be fully comprehended. Meanwhile, T cells, which are critical for the host responses interact with antigens coupled with MHC molecules, through their membrane surface-expressed T cell receptor (TCR). These TCRs are produced by a process of imprecise gene rearrangement called V(D)J recombination, which is criticalfor antigen recognition. This may indicate that, the interaction between lymphocytes and pathogens alters the lymphocytes' frequencies and, hence, diversity of their antigen receptor repertoire, suggesting that both the repertoire and the diversity of the antigen receptors may differ at various disease stages. Therefore, the dynamics of T cells in children during Plasmodium falciparum infections were examined using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from children residing in a hyperendemic area in Ghana. The frequency of activated Tregs and T cell activation markers during P. falciparum infections, and the relationship between these markers and parasitaemia in children with acute P. falciparum infections were investigated. In addition, the expression profile of inhibitory andimmunesenescence markers on peripheral T cells were examined. Lastly, the repertoire and diversity of the antigen receptor of T cells were determined.