Reviewing Cyber-attack Incidents and Their Impacts on Global Oil and Gas Infrastructures: A Nigerian Perspective

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ABSTRACT
Oil and Gas sector includes the exploration, gathering, production, processing, storage, and transportation of petroleum liquids and natural gas. With the oil and gas sector fueling every aspect of our daily life, the protection of its critical infrastructure is crucial. It is known that digitally connected oil and gas operations help to improve production (General Electric, 2018). So, in order to sustain uninterrupted energy production and for quick recovery from major cyber incidents— oil and gas companies have to bolster their cyber infrastructure to protect their confidential data, networks, telecommunications equipment, pipelines, off-sites utilities, tank farms, refineries, exploration and production buildings. This work attempts to review some of the atrocious online incidents that the global petroleum industry face, the impacts of online security-related incidents and the necessity of setting-up and maintaining cyber warfare mechanisms and priority communications capabilities at all times. The research enumerates some roles information technology, IT and operational technologies play as critical oil and gas communication infrastructures. Furthermore, the study called for a dynamic technological integration, deployment and collaboration as essential elements for achieving robust secure operability for steady oil and gas productivity.
KEYWORDS: Oil and Gas, information technology, operational technology, cyber
incidents, cybersecurity, petroleum industry, critical infrastructure
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title Page …………………………………………………………………1
Abstract…………………………………………………………………....2
Introduction……………………………………………………………….4
History of Nigerian Oil and Gas Exploration ……………………………5
Composition of Crude Oil and Natural Gas ……………………………..5
Cyberspace and Cybersecurity …………………………………………..6
Cybersecurity Concerns In Nigerian Petroleum Sector…………………..7
Notable Cyber Attacks On Petroleum Facilities………………………….8
Oil and Gas Key Infrastructures………………………………………….9
Critical Information Infrastructures………………………………………10
Components of Operational Technology Assets…………………………11
Operational Technology Systems Functionalities……………………….12
Integrating Info-Tech and Operational Technologies...............................13
Impacts of Cybercrime…………………………………………………..14
Improving Security Preparedness – Cyber Protection Models ………….15
Collaborating with Internet Service Providers, ISPs.................................16
Conclusion……………………………………………………………….18
Reference……………..…………………..……………………….20

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Reviewing Cyber-attack Incidents and Their Impacts on Global Oil and Gas Infrastructures: A Nigerian Perspective

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