The anti-diabetic effects of the ethanolic extracts of Hymenocardia acida on alloxan induced diabetic rat

ABSTRACT

The ethanolic leaves extracts of Hymenocardia acida was screened for anti-diabetic activity based on folklore and little or no work cited in literature. Hymenocardia acida (Family: Hymenocardiaceae) has a very high anti-diabetic potentials which appeared comparable to the control glibenclamide in alloxan induced diabetes mellitus. The study evaluated the ethanolic leaves extract of H. acida for anti-diabetic activity in a rat model of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). In a dose-response study over a six-hour period, 500 mg/kg oral dose of the extract gave the best anti-diabetic activity and was therefore employed in the study. Since daily oral administration of the ethanolic extract of H. acida reduced the raised blood glucose levels observed during the 14 days studies. The extract did not demonstrate any acutely toxic effect in rats within the dose range (250 mg/kg - 5000 mg/kg) employed in the study; hence it was well tolerated by the rats. In all experiments, the effect was dose-dependent and comparable to that of glibenclamide (2 mg/kg), an oral sulfonylurea standard used in the experiments.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page                                                                                                                                                                                            i

Certification                                                                                                                                                                                         ii

Dedication                                                                                                                                                                                           iii

Acknowledgement                                                                                                                                                                  iv

Abstract                                                                                                                                                                                                           v

Table of content                                                                                                                                                                                  vi

List of tables                                                                                                                                                                               viii

List of figures                                                                                                                                                                viii

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction                                                                                                                                                                                  1

1.1 Background of the study                                                                                                                                       2

1.2 Statement of the problems                                                                                                                                    3

1.3 Aims and objective                                                                                                                                                           4

1.4 Justification of study                                                                                                                                                         4

1.5 Limitation of study                                                                                                                                                           4

 

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature review                                                                                                                                                  5

2.1 Classification of Hymenocardia acida                                                                                                     5

2.2 Medicinal use of Hymenocardia acida                                                                                                     6

2.3 Properties of Hymenocardia acida                                                                                                                       8

2.4 Other types of antidiabetic plants                                                                                                             9

2.5 Medicinal plant and there cure to diabetes mellitus                                                                      11

2.6 Treatments of diabetes mellitus                                                                                                                 13

2.7 Antidiabetic drug and method of discoveries                                                                                            16

2.8 Plants and there therapeutic activities on diabetes mellitus and
disease in general                                                                                                                                          21

2.9 Diabetes mellitus in subsaharan Africa                                                                                                     23

2.10 Diabetes mellitus in animals                                                                                                                               23

 

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Apparatus and regents used                                                                                                                                  25

3.1 Methods                                                                                                                                                                                        25

3.1.1 Collections of sample                                                                                                                                  26

3.1.2 Extraction                                                                                                                                                                26

3.2 Phytochemicals                                                                                                                                                                 26

3.2.1 Detection of alkaloids                                                                                                                                 26

3.2.2 Detection of Tannins                                                                                                                            26

3.2.3 Detection of Saponin                                                                                                                                  27

3.2.4 Detection of Flavanoids                                                                                                                              27

3.2.5 Detection of Fats and oil                                                                                                                             27

3.2.6 Detection of Reducing sugar                                                                                                                      27

3.3 Experimental animals                                                                                                                                                        27

3.4 Acute toxicity                                                                                                                                                                    28

3.5 Induction of diabetes mellitus                                                                                                                               28

3.6 Experimental protocol                                                                                                                                                       29

3.7 statistical analysis                                                                                                                                                             29

 

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0       Results and discussion                                                                                                                                                30

4.1       Results                                                                                                                                                                                     30

4.1.1         Percentage yield of the extract                                                                                                            30

4.1.2         Preliminary phytochemical screening result                                                               30

4.2       Acute Toxicity                                                                                                                                                                        32

4.3       Blood glucose level                                                                                                                                                     34

4.4       Discussion                                                                                                                                                                               34

 

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0       Conclusion and recommendations                                                                                                                  36

5.1       Conclusion                                                                                                                                                                              36

5.2       Recommendation                                                                                                                                                        36

Reference                                                                                                                                                                         37