Zanzibar Leo Newspaper and Advocacy of the Right of People with Disability in Urban West, Zanzibar

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine the role played by Zanzibar Leo Newspaper through its involvement in advocating for the right of people living with disabilities in Zanzibar. The study to examine the magnitude of Zanzibar Leo newspapers’ involvement in advocacy of the right of people with disabilities.To explore the challenges faced by the media (Zanzibar Leo newspaper) in advocating for the rights of disabled people and To find out other ways concerned by the media to advocate for rights of people with disability in Zanzibar. The study was conducted in Zanzibar in Leo newspaper focusing on attaining the data from the Leo, NGOs of PWDs and People with disabilities. The study area of interest was two theoretical perspective. First Limited- effects theory by Iyengar and Kinder which is an approach to mass media effects that claims the media have limited effects an their audience and or society and seconds theory Social Model of disability by Oliver (1996), is the social model has how become the ideological litmus test of disability politics in Britain, used by the disabled people’s movement to distinguish between organizations, policies, law and ideas which are progressive and those which are inadequate.The study shown linkage between the independent and dependent variables.Krejcie and Morgan taste formula was used to arrive at sample size, the data was collected through questionnaire, content analysis, and interview for the determination of the magnitude of Leo’s advocacy for rights of disabled people. To ensure validity of instruments, content validity index was used and reliability of instrument, was established by Cronbach Alpha Variable. The study results indicate that the magnitude of Zanzibar Leo newspapers’ involvement in advocacy of the right of people with disabilities is low and a series of challenges were faced though the media advocacy for human rights of disabled people was low. Ffhe study conclude that the magnitude of the Zanzibar Leo advocacy for the rights of disabled pdople is low with limited focus on coverage, financing, societal inconveniences that have an effect ofnegative nature to the people with disability. To ensure confidentiality of data collected ethical consideration were put in place data presentation, analysis and interpretation was tabulated. The study found out that the use of Zanzibar Leo Newspaper’s to give encouragement and show how advocating rights people with disabilities in Zanzibar.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION

APPROVAL ii

DEDICATION

ACKNO~vLEDGEMENT Iv

ABSTRACT V

CHAPTER ONE 1

INTRODUCTION 1

1.0 Introduction 1

1.1 Background of the study I

1.1.1 Historical perspective 1

1.1.2 Theoretical perspective 4

1.1.3 Conceptual Perspective 5

1.1.4 Contextual Perspective 6

1.2 Statement of the problem 7

1.3 Purpose of the Study 8

1.4 Research Objectives 8

1.5 Research Questions 8

1.6 Scope of the study 8

1.6.1 Content scope 8

1.6.2 Geographical scope 9

1.6.3 Time scope 9

1.7 Significance of the study 9

1.8 Operational definitions of key tenns 10

CHAPTER TWO 11

LITERATURE REVIEW 11

2.0 Introduction 11

2.1 Theoretical review 11

VI

2.2 Conceptuai Review .13

2.3 Review of Relevant Literature 13

2.3.1 Magnitude of media’s involvement in advocacy of the right of people with disabilities .... 13

2.3.1.1 People with disability in Zanzibar 13

2.3.1.2 Magnitude of media’s involvement in advocacy of the right of people with disabilities. 15

2.3.2 Challenges faced by the media (Leo news paper) in advocating for the rights of disabled

people 18

2.3.3 Other ways can the media to advocate for rights of people with disability 20

2.4 Related Studies 21

2.5 Research Gap 22

CHAPTER THREE 23

METHODOLOGY 23

3.0 Introduction 23

3.1 Research design 23

3.2 Research population 23

3.3 Sample Size determination 23

3.3.2 Sampling procedure 23

3.4 Data collection methods 24

3.4.1 Questionnaire 24

3.4.2 Content analysis 24

3.4.3 Interview methods 24

3.5 ValM(ty and reliability 25

3.5.1 ValiditS’ 25

3.5.2 Reliability 25

3.6 Data collection procedure 26

3.7 Data Analysis 26

3.8 Ethical considerations 27

VII

CHAPTER FOUR .28

DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 28

4.0 Introduction 28

4.1 Resp~~~e rate 28

4.2 Demc~’graphic Characteristics of Respondents 28

4.3 Magnitude of Zanzibar Leo Newspapers’ involvement in advocacy of the right of people... 31

4.3.1 Whether respondents have lcnowledge on Zanzibar Leo newspaper 31

4.3.2 Whether Zanzibar Leo news paper provide any information about rights advocacy 32

4.3.3 Whether disabled people can access and provide infontation in Leo news paper 32

4.4 Challenges faced by the media (Leo news paper) in advocating for the rights of disabled people.

35

4.4.1 Whether media is challenged in advocating for the rghts of disabled people 35

4.5 Other ways concerned by the media to advocate for rights ofpeople with disability in Zanzibar.

38

4.5.1 Whether the media has developed other ways of advocating for rights of PWDs 38

4.5.2 Ways of media advocacy for rights of PWDs 39;

4.5.3 Society’s view of media role of advocacy for PWDs rights 41

CHAPTER FIVE 42

DISCUSSIONS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS 42

5.1 Introduction 42

5.1 Discussions of Findings 42

5.1.1 Magnitude of Zanzibar Leo newspapers’ involvement in advocacy of the right ofpeople with

disabilities 42

5.2.2 Challenges faced by the media (Leo news paper) in advocating for the rights of disabled

people

5.2.3 Other ways concerned by the media to advocate for rights of people with disability in

Zanzibar

5.2 Conclusion 45

5.3 Recommendations 4