ABSTRACT Propagation of mould and yeast isolates was carried out on a formulated acid-cassava starch medium and commercial potato dextrose agar.
ABSTRACT Aqueous extracts of the leaves barks and roots of Anacardium occidentale Linn, Bridelia Ferruginea Benth and Ficcus sur Forsskal were bioassayed at full concentration for their antifungal potentials by determining their inhibitory effects on the mycelial growth of Rigidiporous lignosus and coriolopsis occidentalis.
This study provides knowledge on the diversity and drivers of AMF in the ecologically stressed ecosystem of arid and semi-arid regions of Indian desert and reveals promising findings that would provide baseline information for a better understanding of more important roles that AMF plays in enhancing resource allocation and increasing tolerance of tomato plant to the various environmental stresse...
ABSTRACT The comparative evaluation of the bacterial and fungal diseases associated with Saccharum officinarum (Sugarcane) in ethnobotanical garden of Wesley University, Ondo was carried out through different microbial processes. The objectives of this work were to comparatively evaluate bacterial and fungal diseases associated with sugarcane in rainy and dry seasons, isolation and identification of bacterial and fungal diseases associated with sugarcane and development of disease inventory a...
Mushroom is a macro fungus with a distinctive fruiting body which can be either epigeous or hypogeous and large enough to be seen with the naked eye and can be picked with hand (Chang and Milles.19920). Mushrooms derive all of their energy and growth materials from their growth medium, through biochemical decomposition processes (Chang, Shu-Ting, et al. 2004).
Pest and diseases have a serious effect on food production. Global crop yields are reduced by 20 to 40% annually due to impact of pests and diseases.Indiscriminate use of insecticides to combat insect challenges, have increased the selection pressure leading to resistance in insects. In such a situation, alternate options of insect control are advocated. The use of microbial insecticidal compounds offer adequate levels of insect control and pose fewer hazards.Microbial insecticidal compou...
A study was carried out on the incidence, isolation and identification of fungal pathogens of the leaves of cultivated white yam, Dioscorea rotundata Poir and water yam, Dioscorea alata Lam found on four farmers’ fields between August and October 2010. Farm locations used included those in Tse-Ugba, Tor-Donga, Abaji-Kpav and Katsina-Ala in Katsina-Ala Local Government Area of Benue State of Nigeria. Diseased leaves and vine samples were randomly collected from some fields during the study. ...
ABSTRACT Money has mass circulation among the general public and hence has the potential to transmit disease-causing microorganisms. Categories of pathogenic microorganisms that have been found on money notes include bacteria, fungi, parasites, moulds, yeast, and some viruses. It has been observed that banknotes provide a large surface area for the breeding of pathogenic microbes, resulting in a high load of infectious agents, which can give rise to diseases such as meningitis, pneumonia, tub...
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an economically and nutritionally important crop in Rwanda. However, its production is threatened by the invasive tomato leaf miner (Tuta absoluta Meyrick) since 2015. Options for integrated pest management (IPM) for its control under Rwandan conditions have not been developed. The main objective of this study was to contribute to enhanced tomato productivity and fruit quality in Rwanda through evaluation of entomopathogens and plant extracts as options for...
Abstract/Overview Ever since the first case report of HIV infection approximately twenty years ago, enormous human and material resources have been put in place to assist in the control and management of the scourge. With an increase in number of cases of immunosuppression came an increase in the number of microbial organisms, which were previously unknown. Some, which have existed albeit at an equilibrium with the human immune system and by extension the body’s defence mechanism have f...
Abstract/Overview Aflatoxin B1 is a toxin produced as secondary fungal metabolites by the fungus Aspergillus, particularly A. flavus. The toxin has significantly contaminated the food supply chain especially cereals in Kenya. Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS) has recently banned five maize flour brands, citing high aflatoxin levels. They also suspended seven peanut butter products and the permits of their parent companies over aflatoxin contamination. The huge losses encountered by these c...
Abstract/Overview Background: Herbal medicines are used widely for primary health care in Kenya among rural populations where modern medicines are not affordable. The flowers, roots, stems and leaves of Senna didymobotrya have both antifungal and antibacterial activity. Decoctions or infusion are used to treat skin diseases, diarrhoea, malaria, venereal diseases and stomach problems. Methods: Plants were collected from farmers' fields in western Kenya. Stem bark, root bark, leaves, flower...
Abstract Background: Fungus-cultivating termites make use of an obligate mutualism with fungi from the genus Termitomyces, which are acquired through either vertical transmission via reproductive alates or horizontally transmitted during the formation of new mounds. Termitomyces taxonomy, and thus estimating diversity and host specificity of these fungi, is challenging because fruiting bodies are rarely found. Molecular techniques can be applied but need not necessarily yield the same outcom...
Abstract/Overview Wound management is key to healing. Poorly managed wounds lead to abnormal biological reactions and complications. Microorganisms, bacteria or fungi, infect such wounds leading to their chronic nature. Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) show wound healing properties. In addition, ethnobotanical information from Siaya County in Kenya shows the leaves of Physalis peruviana L. to be effective in wound management. A combination of Au NPs and leave extracts of Physalis peruviana L. ...
Abstract The melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett), is a serious pest of cucurbits, tree fruits and related crops in most continents of the world, including Africa. To manage the pest, most farmers in sub-Saharan Africa rely on synthetic chemicals which have detrimental effects to the environment and the habitat. Excessive use of chemicals may also lead to development of pest resistance and Z. cucurbitae has reportedly shown the most increased resistance to the used insecticides. For...