Abstract: Cashew nut shells (CNS), which are agro wastes from cashew nut processing factories, have proven to be among the most versatile bio-based renewable materials in the search for functional materials and chemicals from renewable resources. CNS are produced in the cashew nut processing process as waste, but they contain cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) up to about 30–35 wt. % of the nut shell weight depending on the method of extraction. CNSL is a mixture of anacardic acid, cardanol, ca...
ABSTRACT This dissertation presents the optimization of the reaction parameters for the production of levulinic acid from Tanzanian sugarcane bagasse under pressurized conditions using non- stirred pressure reactor developed in our laboratory. Sugarcane bagasse produced as a waste from the sugar industries was used in this research a raw material for the production of levulinic acid (LA). It was chosen because it is a waste from the sugar industries, non food competitive and non land competit...
ABSTRACT Antimicrobial resistance could cause approximately 10 million of people‟s deaths worldwide yearly by 2050 (Sutherland, 2017). Thus, this study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Cleome gynandra and Zanthoxylum chalybeum. The extracts of roots and flowers of Cleome gynandra; root barks, stem barks and leaves of Zanthoxylum chalybeum were used for investigation. The powdered plant materials were macerated in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, nbutanol and aqueous methan...
ABSTRACT This dissertation reports on a comparison of the physico-chemical parameters between hot springs and borehole waters. Thirty four samples were collected at Mara, Shinyanga, Singida, Manyara and Dodoma in Tanzania. Multimeter used for the analysis of physical parameters pH, EC, TDS, salinity and turbidity. Titrimetricmethods were used for chemical parametersCl−, total hardness, Ca2+ and Mg2+. UV-Visspectrophotometricfor NO3 − , SO42− , F− , Fe2+and Mn2+ and Flame Atomic Absorp...
ABSTRACT New series of four, (Z)-5-(4-chlorobenzylidine)-2-(Aryl/Substituted arylimino) thiazolidin-4-one and one (Z)-5-(4-chlorobenzylidine)-3-(2,5- dichlorophenyl)-2-iminothiazolidin-4-one were successfully synthesized from aryl/substituted aryl amines by employing nucleophilic substitution reaction with chloroacetyl chloride to form chloroacetamide. The formed acetamides were nucleophilically reacted with potassium thiocyanate coupled with Cyclization to form N-substituted thiazolidin-4-o...
ABSTRACT Depression has been the number one disease, causing a high motility rate in the world, marking the need for new highly effective antidepressants that can alleviate the situation. Unfortunately, the price of carrying out experimentally the whole process of drug discovery and design costs an endeavor billion of money. Yet, computer-aided drug design is a cost-effective way of obtaining new potential drugs within a short period of time. A study helpful in designing potent drug candidat...
ABSTRACT Kinetic and mechanistic investigations on the reactions of ozone with phenol and some of its derivatives (hydroquinone, catechol, phloroglucinol, pentachlorophenol, pentabromophenol, 1,2- dimethoxybenzene, 1,4-dimethoxybenzene and 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene) have been carried out. These compounds were chosen, as they can serve as models for compounds which are abundant in surface waters and wastewater. The scope of the investigation was widened by including dihydrogen sulfide, often a ...
ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to discover new drug leads from Namibian marine algae. Plocamium extracts were screened and their phytochemical contents were quantified. Both the antioxidant activity and the antimicrobial activity of the crude extracts were determined, as well as the dose-response relationship for Plocamium extracts in BALB/c mice. This was done by using acute and sub-acute toxicity parameters. In addition, the structural elucidation of the major metabolite found...
ABSTRACT Soft drinks are consumed daily in Ghana on social occasions and for recreation. Generally, it is affordable and consumed widely across all age groups particularly due to their thirst quenching potential. These drinks are also important sources of nutrition as well as trace metal contamination. Thus, the study monitored for 4 months the nutritional content and trace metal contamination of forty-two different brands of new day soft drinks (totaling 672 samples), sampled from some mar...
ABSTRACT Complexes of 4 - Cyanobenzaldehydecylohexyl acetic acid hydrazone ( 4-CBAH) with M(II) sulphates and acetates have been synthesized (M=Ni, Cu, Co and Zn). The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, conductance, infrared and electronic spectral studies . . The sulphate ions are in the outer coordination sphere, so also the acetate 10ns. The electronic spectral studies of the isolated complexes indicate an octahedral coordination for Ni2+ and Co2+ complexes while Cu2 + com...
ABSTRACT Complexes of Aluminium with some model bioligands, were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, melting point, conductivity, solubility and infra-red spectroscopic studies. The complexes are soluble in water and some organic solvents such as chloroform, ethanol and methanol. The melting point ranges from 258°C - 282°C for complexes with Al Cl3, and 8Ql C - 95 C, for complexes with AlNH4(S04) 2 .12H2 0. Conductivity studies reveals that the prepared · complexes are non-el...
ABSTRACT The isolation and characterization of starch from Parkia biglobosa Oacq.)Benth. (African locust bean), was investigated. The starch was extracted by a pre- isolation bleaching using KOH (5%) and sodium hypochlorite (3 .5% ); followed by steeping, wet milling and centrifugation. The starch obtained was dried in an oven at 60°C. The thermal properties were obtained by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The work showed that Parkia starch has a pH of 5.6,density (true) 2.3lg/ml, ...
ABSTRACT The impact of the effluents from the Transcorp Hilton Hotel on the quality of the Maitama Stream, Abuja was studied. Samples were collected from points upstream (control samples), the effiuent discharge point and points downstream (a total of eight points) and analyzed as follows: Electrochemical methods of determination were used in the determination of pH and dissolved oxygen content whilst classical methods of analysis were used in the determination of total alkalinity and chlori...
ABSTRACT The concentrations of Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cd in agricultural soils and vegetation of Kwali Area Council were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The HN03 -HCI04-HF mixture was used for the digestion of soil samples for metal determination, while HNOTHCI04 was used for metals determination in vegetation. The coefficient of variation for Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni and ....... Cd in soil were 4.0%, 4.8%, 3.2%, 3.9% and 4.3% while in vegetation were 7.0%, 4.8% 5.4%, 6.9%...