The Impact of Federalism On State Reconstruction in Somalia

ABSTRACT The study investigated the impact of federalism on state reconstruction of war torn Somalia. The study was guided by three specific objectives that included; i) To determine the level of Federalism, Central Government, small local governments and state reconstruction in Somalia ii) To establish the impact of Federalism and State Reconstruction in Somalia and iii) To establish how state reconstruction in Somalia is affected by federalism. The study used William Riker's theory (1964), which explained the essential features of a federal government based on a government of the federation and a set of governments ruling over the same territory and people and eacll kind having the authority to make some decisions independently of the other. Crosssectional, and correlation research designs were adopted to establish the relationship between federalism and state reconstruction in Somalia. SPSS was used to analyze the data in which tables were extracted and presented to show the findings of the study. The study revealed that there is some level of federalism and state reconstruction, which were found to be high using the means. Pearson's Linear Correlation Coefficient for Federalism and State reconstruction was obtained (r=0.858) and p-value of (p=O.OOO). This implies that there is a significant correlation between federalism and state reconstruction in Somalia as per the study. In conclusion, this study has shown that federalism has a significant and positive effect towards state reconstruction in Somalia.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION ................................................................................................................ i

APPROVAL ..................................................................................................................... ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT ...................................................................................................... iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................... iv

LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................... vii

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... viii

CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................ 1

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Background of the Study ........................................................................................... 1

1.1.1 Historical Perspective .................................................................................................................. 1

1.1.2. Theoretical perspective ...............•....•..•....•..•.......................................................... 3

1.1.3 Conceptual Perspective ............................................................................................................... 3

1.1.4. Contextual Perspective ............................................................................................................... s

1.2 Statement of the Problem .......................................................................................... 6

1.3 General objective ...................................................................................................... 7

1.3.1 Specific objectives .................................................................................................. 7

1. 4 Research questions .................................................................................................. 7

1.5 Scope of the study .................................................................................................... 8

1.5.1 Geographical scope ................................................................................................ 8

1.5.2 Theoretical scope ................................................................................................... 8

1.5.3 Content scope ........................................................................................................ 8

1.6 Significance of the study ............................................................................................ 8

Impact. .......................................................................................................................... 9

This refers to the significant or non significant influence that may result from the rule of the

federal system of governance .......................................................................................... 9

CHAPTER TW0 ..........•.•.•.•.•....•.•.•............................................•.•.................................. 10

LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................... 10

2.0. Introduction ........•............•.................................................................................... 10

IV

2.1 Theoretical Review .................................................................................................. 10

2.2 Conceptual Frame Work ............................•...•......................................................... 12

2.3 Federal Political System ...........................•...•..•........................................................ 13

2.3.1 Federalism Explained ............................................................................................ 15

2.5 Decentralization or devolution arrangement .....•..•.••...............................•....•............. 18

CHAPTER THREE ................................................•......................................................... 42

METHODOLOGY ..................................................•..•..................................................... 42

3.0Introduction ...........•.............................•.................................................................. 42

3.1 Research Design ........................................................................................................................... .42

3.1 Study population .........•.•......................................................................................... 42

3.2 Sample size .•.............................•..•......................................................................... 43

3.3 Sampling Procedure ................................................................................................ 43

3.4 Sampling technique ........................................•.........................•.............................. 43

3.5 Research Instrument •....................•.•....................•.................................................. 44

3.6 Validity and reliability of the instrument ..•..•.....................•........................................ 44

3.7 Data gathering procedures ...................................................................................... 45

3.8 Data analysis ..•.•..•.•........................•...................•.•................................................. 46

3.9 Ethical considerations .............................................................................................. 46

3.10 Limitations of the study .....................................•................................................... 46

CHAPTER FOUR ................................................................................................................................... .47

DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION ......................................................... .47

4.0 Introduction ........................•................•....................•.••....................•.•.................. 47

4.1 Profile of Respondents ......................................................•.•.....................•.••........... 47

4.2 Federalism ...........•..•..................•.•..................•.•.....................•.............................. 48

Table 2: Level of Federalism ...........•.•..............•....................•........................................ 49

Central Governance ..............•................•.....................•.•.................•............................ 50

4.5 Relationship between Federalism and state reconstruction •.•....................................... 54

4.6 Regression Model summary .............................•.......................•............................... 55

4.7 Regression Analysis Results for Federalism and State Reconstruction in Somalia ........... 56

Table 8: Regression Analysis on Federalism and State Reconstruction in Somalia ............... 56

CHAPTER FIVE ...................................................................................................................................... 57

v

DISCUSSION, CONCLUSSION, RECOMMENDATIONS AND AREAS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH

................................................................................................................................................................ 5?

5.0 Introduction ..................................................................................................... : ..... 57

5.1 Discussion .............................................................................................................. 57

5.1.1 Federalism ........................................................................................................... 57

5.1.2 Central Governance .............................................................................................. 57

5.1.3 Small Local Governments ...................................................................................... 58

5.1.4 State reconstruction ............................................................................................. 58

5.2 Relationship between Federalism and State Reconstruction ........................................ 59

5.3 Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 59

5.4 Recommendations ................................................................................................... 60

5.5 Contribution ........................................................................................................... 62

References ............................................................................................................................................ 63

APPENDICES .•....................................................•..•......................•...•........................... 66

APPENDIX IA: ...................................................•.......................................................... 66

TRANSMITAL LETTER .................•.........................................•.•.•................................... 66

APPENDIX I B .............................................................................................................. 67

TRANSMITAL LETTER ................................................................................................... 67

APPENDIX II ................................................................................................................ 68

INFORMED CONSENT .....•......................•.......................•.............................................. 68

APPENDIX III ................................................•.......................•...................................... 69

QUESTIONNAIRES ....................................•.•................................................................. 69