ABSTRACT Sustainability of community based projects is one of the greatest concerns of the stakeholders involved in the process of running the projects.Many firms in the financial industry have increasingly been involved in supporting community based projects aimed at improving livelihoods of the community in which they operate.Analysis show that, most community based projects have failed to sustain themselves, become self-reliant and the communities have failed to continue running them after...
ABSTRACT The World Bank has supported Kenya in financing development projects in transport, energy, water, urban development, health, public sector management and social protection since 1960. By November 2011, it had financed more than 175 projects with a total investment of over US$ 7,070 billion. Sustainability of the funded projects is of utmost importance if the impact of funding these projects is to be realized. Despite project feasibility studies being done prior to commencement of the...
Abstract A descriptive study was performed in Sudanese hospitals and medical centers during the period from July 2016 – March 2017. The aim of the study was to evaluate the head CT findings and clinical diagnosis in Sudanese children. The study applied for all children patients whom examined clinically and by CT scan to diagnose head cases which were 81 patients. The data was collected, classified, analyzed by using computerized statistics procedure (Excel). The analysis of the results fou...
ABSTRACT Theileriosis or East Coast Fever (ECF), a leukemia-like disease of cattle that is endemic in East, Central and Southern Africa, is caused by the protozoan parasite Theileria parva (T. parva), which is transmitted by the brown ear tick vector Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. In an infective tick bite, the sporozoite parasites preferentially infect bovine lymphocytes and develop into intra-cytoplasmic, multinucleated schizonts. Schizont-infected host cells proliferate and exhibit several ...
ABSTRACT Indigenous chickens show extensive physical diversity. However, industrialization and globalization of chicken in the 21st century has affected and limited their genetic resources to industrial breeds. Continuous selection for rapid growth and more egg production has resulted in the loss of disease resistance and overall immuno-competence hence a projected increase in disease-related costs in the future. Genetic control of disease resistance is one of the most important targets of br...
ABSTRACT Honeybees, Apis mellifera, are key contributors to the global economy, nutrition, food security and ecological biodiversity. Despite their robust benefits, declines in honeybee populations have been reported owing to a number of factors. Such include pests and diseases, climate change, poor management practices, change in land usage and low ge-netic diversity. High intra-colonial genetic diversity is associated with resilience and re-sistance to pest and diseases as well as increased...
BSTRACT Donor funding is anticipated to be a multiplied direct supply of investment which is factored both in investing or financing activities of the ministries. The authorities gets large donor useful resource from numerous assets to fund some of programs in the public sector. However, despite this fact, most projects experience erratic disbursement of funds from donors thereby leading to confusion and uncertainty in implementation of project activities. This study sought to examine th...
ABSTRACT Root knot nematodes (RKNs) of (Meloidogyne spp.) are among the most devastating soil-borne plant parasitic pests infecting many food crops. They have been shown to result in over 50% loss of crop yield in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). Various control measures including agronomic practices and nematicides have been employed in the past to manage the parasite with only modest gains. These are also costly to small-scale farmers especially in developing countries. There is need ...
ABSTRACT Despite having a lot of resources, Lake Victoria Basin has had an increase in population and land degradation and a reduction in agricultural production due to poor soil fertility. This has necessitated the use of inorganic fertilizers to boost food production. Inorganic fertilizers production contributes to emission of greenhouse gases. Use of inorganic fertilizer in Lake Victoria basin may have led to eutrophication of Lake Victoria leading to social, economic and ecological proble...
ABSTRACT The longhorn grasshopper, Conocephalus maculatus (Le Guillou, 1841), is reported to be distributed over a wide range of grassland habitats in tropical Africa, Asia and Australasia. The species has gained attention in Asia as an important biological control agent of rice pests. In Tanzania, the species has been reported around Mount Kilimanjaro ecosystem with no reliable information in Kagera region, north-western Tanzania. The present study sought to bring to light the distribut...
ABSTRACT Developing countries experience diarrheal disease at a higher rate than industrialized nations. A key contributor to increased morbidity and mortality from diarrheal disease is the lack of efficient diagnosis methods. In Kenya diagnosis of enteric pathogens is mainly performed using manual methods which involves colony morphology, gram stain and biochemical tests. Although these methods are generally reliable they are labour intensive, have a long turn-around time and they occasiona...
ABSTRACT Over the last decade cholera outbreaks have become common in some parts of Kenya. A number of recent studies have described the epidemiology of cholera in Kenya but there has been little information regarding the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of Vibrio cholerae in these outbreaks. The aim of this study was therefore to characterize Vibrio cholerae isolates from Kenya. A total of 168 Vibrio cholerae O1, biotype El Tor isolates collected between 2007 and 2010 from various ch...
ABSTRACT Understanding the interrelationships between injury, infection and diversity of Theileria in a zebra population may illuminate the mechanisms by which injuries influence the course of latent infections, and may be an important factor to be considered during therapy of injured animals. Currently, the molecular diversity of Theileria species that are circulating in Kenyan free living common zebras is unknown and the effect of anthropogenic induced injuries on Theileria diversity and in...
ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus is a clinically important pathogen in Kenya and globally owing to its widespread occurrence, virulence potential and multidrug resistance. Adequate surveillance is required to track the emergence and spread of hypervirulent and multidrug resistant strains such as methicillin and vancomycin resistant S. aureus (MRSA and VRSA). Conventional methods for S. aureus characterization include Staphylococcal protein A (spa) gene typing, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST)...
ABSTRACT Pyrexia and inflammation cause discomfort, suffering and lower productivity of the victims. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs which are highly prescribed in medication of pyrexia and inflammation have been reported to possess adverse effects. Herbal medicines may possess bioactive compounds that are safer and efficient in the management of various diseases and disorders. Kigelia africana and Acacia hockii are traditionally used to manage pyrexia and inflammation among the Embu a...