Matumizi Ya Ramsa Na Tanzia Katika Utenzi Wa Al-Inkishafi Wa S. A Nasir (1720-1820)

YALIYOMO

IKIRARI ........................................................................................................................ i

ITHIBATI .................................................................................................................... ii

SHUKRANI ................................................................................................................ iii

HIDAYA ...................................................................................................................... v

IKISIRI ........................................................................................................................ vi

YALIYOMO .............................................................................................................. vii

ORODHA YA PICHA ZILIZOTUMIKA NDANI YA MATINI .............................. xi

ORODHA YA VIFUPISHI VILIVYOTUMIKA ..................................................... xiii

UFAFANUZI WA ISTILAHI MUHIMU ZILIZOTUMIKA................................... xiv

SURA YA KWANZA ................................................................................................. 1

UTANGULIZI ............................................................................................................ 1

1.1 Utangulizi ............................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Usuli wa Utafiti ...................................................................................................... 2

1.3 Tamko la Tatizo la Utafiti ...................................................................................... 6

1.4 Malengo ya Utafiti ................................................................................................. 7

1.4.1 Lengo la Jumla .................................................................................................... 7

1.4.2 Malengo Mahsusi ................................................................................................ 7

1.5 Maswali ya Utafiti .................................................................................................. 8

1.6 Umuhimu wa Utafiti .............................................................................................. 8

1.7 Muhtasari wa Sura ya Kwanza ............................................................................... 8

SURA YA PILI ......................................................................................................... 10

MAPITIO YA MAANDISHI NA KIUNZI CHA NADHARIA ........................... 10

2.1 Utangulizi ............................................................................................................. 10

2.2 Tenzi za Kiswahili................................................................................................ 10

2.2.1 Maana ya Tenzi za Kiswahili ............................................................................ 10

2.2.2 Muhtasari wa Historia na Maendeleo ya Tenzi za Kiswahili ........................... 11

2.3 Uhusiano wa Kisiwa cha Pate na Utenzi wa Al-Inkishafi .................................... 12

2.3.1 Watawala wa Nabhani Pate ............................................................................... 15

2.3.2 Utamaduni wa Wapate ...................................................................................... 15

2.3.3 Washairi Maarufu wa Pate ................................................................................ 17

viii

2.3.4 Wasifu wa Sayyid Nasir .................................................................................... 20

2.3.5 Wahakiki na Utenzi wa Al-Inkishafi ................................................................. 22

2.4 Kuhusu Utenzi wa Al-Inkishafi ............................................................................ 23

2.4.1 Fani ya Utenzi wa Al-Inkishafi .......................................................................... 24

2.4.2 Maudhui ya Utenzi wa Al-Inkishafi................................................................... 27

2.4.2.1 Maudhui ya Utenzi wa Al-Inkishafi Ni ya Kiimani ........................................ 28

2.4.2.2 Maudhui ya Utenzi wa Al-Inkishafi ni ya Maisha kwa Jumla ........................ 32

2.5 Maandishi Kuhusu Ramsa na Tanzia katika Fasihi ya Kiswahili ........................ 35

2.5.1 Ramsa na Tanzia katika Tamthiliya .................................................................. 35

2.5.2 Ramsa na Tanzia katika Riwaya ....................................................................... 40

2.5.3 Ramsa na Tanzia katika Ushairi ........................................................................ 45

2.6 Mapengo ya Utafiti .............................................................................................. 49

2.7 Kiunzi cha Nadharia ............................................................................................. 49

2.8 Muhtasari wa Sura ya Pili .................................................................................... 51

SURA YA TATU ...................................................................................................... 52

MBINU ZA UTAFITI .............................................................................................. 52

3.1 Utangulizi ............................................................................................................. 52

3.2 Usanifu wa Utafiti ................................................................................................ 52

3.3 Eneo la Utafiti ...................................................................................................... 53

3.4 Walengwa wa Utafiti............................................................................................ 53

3.4.1 Jamii Iliyotafitiwa ............................................................................................. 54

3.4.2 Uteuzi wa Watafitiwa ........................................................................................ 54

3.5 Ukusanyaji wa Data ............................................................................................. 55

3.5.1 Njia na Zana za Kukusanyia Data ..................................................................... 55

3.5.2 Mchakato wa Ukusanyaji wa Data .................................................................... 57

3.6 Uchambuzi wa Data ............................................................................................. 57

3.7 Mipaka ya Utafiti ................................................................................................. 58

3.8 Maadili ya Utafiti ................................................................................................. 59

3.9 Uhalali na Uthabiti wa Matokeo ya Utafiti .......................................................... 60

3.10 Matatizo ya Utafiti ............................................................................................. 61

3.11 Muhtasari wa Sura ya Tatu ................................................................................ 62

SURA YA NNE ......................................................................................................... 63

UWASILISHAJI NA UCHAMBUZI WA MATOKEO YA UTAFITI .............. 63

4.1 Utangulizi ............................................................................................................. 63

4.2 Muhtasari wa Utenzi ............................................................................................ 63

4.3 VIJENZI VYA RAMSA NA TANZIA KATIKA UTENZI WA AL-INKISHAFI .. 66

4.3.1 Matumizi ya Lugha katika Kujenga Ramsa na Tanzia ..................................... 66

4.3.1.1 Tamathali za Usemi........................................................................................ 67

4.3.1.2 Jazanda ........................................................................................................... 72

4.3.1.3 Ishara .............................................................................................................. 81

4.3.1.4 Uteuzi wa Maneno ......................................................................................... 82

4.3.1.5 Matumizi ya Lahaja........................................................................................ 83

4.3.1.6 Lugha ya Kigeni ............................................................................................. 84

4.3.2 Mtindo Katika Kujenga Ramsa Au Tanzia ....................................................... 86

4.3.2.1 Mtindo wa Kikufu .......................................................................................... 87

4.3.2.2 Mtindo wa Takriri .......................................................................................... 88

4.3.2.3 Mtindo wa Usambamba ................................................................................. 90

4.3.2.4 Mtindo wa Kuuliza Maswali .......................................................................... 91

4.3.2.5 Mtindo wa Usemezano wa Nafsi ................................................................... 93

4.3.2.6 Mtindo wa Kutumia Kituo Chenye Kina „Ye‟ ............................................... 96

4.3.3 Mandhari Katika Kujenga Ramsa Au Tanzia ................................................... 97

4.3.3.1 Mandhari ya Duniani...................................................................................... 97

4.3.3.2 Mandhari ya Kaburini .................................................................................... 99

4.3.3.3 Mandhari ya Akhera ..................................................................................... 102

4.4 MATUKIO YA RAMSA NA TANZIA KATIKA UTENZI WA AL-INKISHAFI ..... 106

4.4.1 Kuinuka na Kuanguka kwa Mji wa Pate ......................................................... 107

4.4.2 Kutajika kwa Watumishi wa Pate Kisha Kutoweka ....................................... 114

4.4.3 Kumaliza kwa Dunia Kunakaribisha Maisha ya Akhera ................................ 117

4.4.4 Kushika Dini Ndiyo Siri ya Mafanikio Duniani na Akhera ............................ 119

4.5 SABABU ZA KUTUMIA RAMSA NA TANZIA KATIKA AL-INKISHAFI .... 120

4.5.1 Kuuasa Moyo wa Mshairi ............................................................................... 121

4.5.2 Kujadili Maana ya Maisha .............................................................................. 125

4.5.3 Kukua kwa Mji wa Pate .................................................................................. 126

4.5.4 Kuanguka kwa Mji wa Pate ............................................................................ 130

4.5.5 Kubainisha Anguko la Watawala .................................................................... 134

4.5.6 Kusawiri Maisha ya Akhera ............................................................................ 137

4.5.7 Kubainisha Athari za Matabaka ...................................................................... 139

4.5.8 Kuamrisha Mema na Kukataza Maovu Katika Jamii ..................................... 141

4.6 USTADI WA RAMSA NA TANZIA KATIKA UTENZI WA AL-INKISHAFI ... 143

4.6.1 Kufanana kwa Matumizi ya Ramsa na Tanzia ................................................ 143

4.6.1.1 Ustadi wa Matumizi ya Dunia Katika Kuibua Ramsa na Tanzia................. 144

4.6.1.2 Matumizi ya Nyumba Katika Kuibua Ramsa na Tanzia .............................. 146

4.6.1.3 Matumizi ya Vyombo Katika Kuibua Ramsa na Tanzia ............................. 147

4.6.1.4 Matumizi ya Sebule Katika Kuibua Ramsa na Tanzia................................. 148

4.6.1.5 Matumizi ya Sauti Katika Kuibua Ramsa na Tanzia ................................... 149

4.6.1.6 Matumizi ya Malazi Katika Kuibua Ramsa na Tanzia ................................ 150

4.6.2 Kutafautiana kwa Matumizi ya Ramsa na Tanzia........................................... 151

4.6.2.1 Matumizi ya Mapambo Katika Kuibua Ramsa Pekee ................................. 153

4.6.2.2 Matumizi ya Nuru na Kiza Katika Kuibua Ramsa Dhidi ya Tanzia ............ 153

4.6.2.3 Matumizi ya Ulimwengu Katika Kuibua Tanzia Pekee ............................... 154

4.6.2.4 Matumizi ya Mshale Katika Kuibua Tanzia Pekee ...................................... 156

4.6.2.5 Matumizi ya Viungo Katika Kuibua Tanzia Pekee...................................... 157

4.7 Muhtasari wa Sura ya Nne ................................................................................. 159

SURA YA TANO.................................................................................................... 160

MUHTASARI, HITIMISHO NA MAPENDEKEZO ......................................... 160

5.1 Utangulizi ........................................................................................................... 160

5.2 MUHTASARI .................................................................................................... 160

5.3 HITIMISHO ....................................................................................................... 162

5.3.1 Utoshelevu wa Nadharia Iliyotumika katika Uchambuzi na Uwasilishaji wa Data ................................................................................................................. 162

5.3.2 Mchango wa Tasnifu Hii ................................................................................. 163

5.3.3 Maoni Kuhusu Tasnifu Hii.............................................................................. 164

5.4 MAPENDEKEZO .............................................................................................. 165

MAREJELEO ........................................................................................................ 167

VIAMBATISHO .................................................................................................... 173

ORODHA YA PICHA ZILIZOTUMIKA NDANI YA MATINI

Picha na. 1: Ramani ya kisiwa cha Pate ................................................................. 17

Picha na. 2: Mabaki ya mtutu wa mzinga, moja ya silaha ya kivita iliyosalia katika magofu ya Pate. .................................................................................. 73

Picha na. 3: Mabaki ya makaburi yaliyozikiwa baadhi ya wakaazi wa Pate wa wakati huo. ......................................................................................... 77

Picha na. 4: Mabaki ya magofu na viwanja vilivyogeuka kuwa pori huko Pate. ... 78

Picha na. 5: Ukuta wa kasri la matajiri Pate ambao umeshachakaa. .................... 110

Picha na. 6: Moja ya sebule iliyosalia huko Lamu, inayosemwa kusawiri mfano wa sebule zilizokuwapo Pate. ................................................................ 112

Picha na. 7: Moja kati ya mitaa ya Pate iliyegeuka kuwa pori. ............................ 113

Picha na. 8: Ngome ya Siyu huko Pate iliyokarabatiwa ikionesha mabaki ya utajiri wa wakati huo. .................................................................................. 127

Picha na. 9: Ukuta wa kasri huko Pate unaoonesha mabaki ya mapambo ya nyumba zao. ...................................................................................... 129

Picha na. 10: Kasri lililogeuka kuwa gofu huko Pate. ........................................... 132

Picha Na. 11: Mfumo jua ........................................................................................ 144

Picha Na. 12: Kaburi lililozikiwa mmoja wa matajiri wa huko Pate. ..................... 151

ORODHA YA VIAMBATISHO

Kiambatisho 1: Ratiba ya Mchakato wa Utafiti .................................................... 173

Kiambatisho 2: Miongozo ya Usaili, Ushuhuda na Udurusu ................................ 174

Kiambatisho 2a: Mwongozo wa Usaili kwa Wataalamu wa Fasihi ........................ 174

Kiambatisho 2b: Mwongozo wa Usaili kwa Wakaazi wa Kisiwa cha Pate, Lamu na Mombasa. ..................................................................................... 175

Kiambatisho 2c: Mwongozo wa Ushuhuda ............................................................ 176

Kiambatisho 2d: Mwongozo wa Udurusu wa Kimaktaba....................................... 177

Kiambatisho 3: Barua ya Kuruhusiwa Kukusanya Data ....................................... 178

Kiambatisho 4: Utenzi wa Al-Inkishafi ................................................................. 179

Kiambatisho 5: Fasili Sahili ya Utenzi wa Al-Inkishafi ........................................ 187

Kiambatisho 6: Utenzi wa Uzinduzi ...................................................................... 196

Kiambatisho 7: Orodha ya Watafitiwa .................................................................. 202

Kiambatisho 8: Picha Kuhusiana na Utafiti .......................................................... 203

Kiambatisho 9: Waraka wa Magofu ya Pate ......................................................... 208