ABSTRACT Although access to highly active antiretroviral therapy has expanded rapidly and led to effective reduction in HIV/AIDS related morbidities and mortalities, inadequate dietary intake and food insecurity are barriers to the success of the therapy. Few studies have reported on the association between dietary intake coupled with food security and HIV in Ghana. This study describes dietary practices of HIV-infected adults on ART in Ghana. The study collected data on demographic characte...
ABSTRACT Established in 1975 as a platform for accelerating the pace of economic development of West African states, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) has grappled with several issue areas for approximately the past four decades. Originally pre-occupied with market-driven objectives that emphasize trade liberalization, ECOWAS has been confronted with resolving the myriad of security challenges that confront the sub-region. Mindful of the interconnectedness of security t...
ABSTRACT This research was done to assess contribution of organic farming on improving well-being of smallholder farmers through crop productivity, profit and food security among 324 smallholder farmers in Morogoro Region, Tanzania. The specific objectives were to: examine how farmers implement organic farming practices and sell their products; compare productivity, profit and food security between conventional/traditional farmers and organic farmers; determine factors affecting productivity,...
ABSTRACT Management is the cornerstone of organizational effectiveness. People‟s efforts are co-ordinated and guided towards achievement of organizational objectives through management processes. People are usually motivated to carry out the management processes in order to satisfy needs either inherent or from the external. Mumias Sugar Company (MSC) is a large-scale organization and hence is controlled by bureaucratic structures. MSC supplies 60% of the sugar consumed in Kenya, but its su...
ABSTRACT Micronutrients are comprised of vitamin and mineral nutrients needed during pregnancy for fetus growth, development, maturation and reducing/preventing maternal complications. In the Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA) micronutrient rich foods (vegetables and fruits) are lacking due to restrictions on cultivation and unavailability of vegetables and fruits in the local markets. Therefore, the current study introduced a food basket intervention and assessed its effectiveness in addres...
ABSTRACT The purpose of this research was to examine the participation of women in street vending and then evaluate its sustainability as a livelihood strategy by women in Harare Central Business District. Livelihood indicators were used in evaluating sustainability and these include, food security, income levels, level and quality of education, ability to acquire assets and the health standards. A sample of 30 women from 5 selected vending sites were selected as respondents. The researcher u...
Abstract This research focuses on securitization in the tribal areas that traced back to the British arrival in the region. Both the British and Pakistan treated the tribal belt with imperial and national security consideration. The British perceived it the center of gravity against the Czarist Russia for India’s survival and security during the nineteenth century Great Game and afterward. Pakistan after independence continued the region with the same colonial pattern against Afghanistan, I...
Abstract The tranquility hitherto enjoyed by citizens of the world appears to have significantly atrophied; no longer is it possible to sleep with the two eyes closed nor is it reasonable to freely traverse wherever one chooses; as natural threats plague man so are manmade threats, and of late, the most dreadful and severe of the threats to humanity is that of terrorists who seem ubiquitous and scattered over all the nooks and cranny of the entire globe with the concomitant fear that they cou...
Terrorism in Nigeria is an impediment to national security and sustainable development. Nigeria is presently preoccupied with multi-polar insurgency, with antecedents dating back to the 1960s and 1980s. The attacks on security agencies, civilians, churches, mosques, foreign embassies in Nigeria and the United Nations offices in Abuja have become more worrisome as such attacks have always resulted in collateral. With the new media, improved and sophisticated weaponry, the terrorists have unlea...
ABSTRACT This study presents the impact of traditional irrigation on the household livelihood in Same district, Kilimanjaro region. The overall objective of this study was to assess the contribution of traditional irrigation systems to the well-being of smallholder farmers. The specific objective was to examine the contribution of traditional irrigation in improving household food security and income; determine the profitability of crop production enterprises with and without traditional ir...
ABSTRACT This study was conducted in the wetlands of the Little Ruaha sub-catchment to assess livelihoods and economic benefits of wetland utilization. The Specific objective were to; (a) identify socio-economic activities undertaken by local communities dependence in wetlands of the Little Ruaha sub-catchment (b) identify crops grown in wetlands of the Little Ruaha sub-catchment during both wet and dry seasons, (c) assess the economic value of wetlands outputs to household income and fo...
State borders ideally frame the perception of security through the logic of insiders/outsiders and natives /non-natives. Insecurity is perceived as threats posed by outsiders, the ‘enemies' of the state. The view silences insecurities within the borders of a state. This exclusivist view of the border eliminates grey areas, and where such exist they are assumed danger zones. The realist and neo-realist perspectives understand security from historical protection or infringement of states' bor...
ABSTRACT Begomoviruses are whitefly-transmitted viruses belonging to the family Geminiviridae presenting most devastating threat to food security. This study was initiated to asses cassava mosaic disease (CMD) severity and genetic diversity of DNA-B component of East African cassava mosaic viruses (CMD) that infect cassava plants from main cassava growing regions in Tanzania. The study involved field survey, rolling cycle amplification (RCA) followed by next generation sequencing (NGS). The s...
ABSTRACT Historical account of drug cultivation and trafficking in West Africa suggests that the menace is not a recent phenomenon but has its roots dating to as far back as the 1920s and 1930s. However, the 1960s witnessed the emergence of large scale smuggling of African-grown marijuana from Nigerian and Ghanaian which attracted national, regional and global attentions. However, the early 1980s witnessed a paradigm shift towards cocaine and heroin business often handled by Nigerians and the...
ABSTRACT Background: The link between food retail environment and health disparities continue to grow. Assessment of the food environment is one key strategy in undertaking healthy food retail initiatives. However, little is known about the retail food environment in developing countries like Ghana. This study therefore, aimed to examine the food retail environment in the Tamale Metropolis. Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study and employed simple random sampling techni...