ABSTRACT Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that affects 200 million people and accounts for 100, 000 deaths annually. In endemic geographical areas, schistosomiasis has been implicated as an etiological agent in the pathogenesis of bladder, colorectal and renal carcinoma largely due to chronic infection of tissues with Schistosoma eggs. Several studies have also reported cases of association between Schistosoma infection and prostate cancer, one of the most common cancers in men...
ABSTRACT Injections are one of the most common health care procedures, with some 16 billion injections administered world-wide each year. Most injections (90% to 95%) are given for therapeutic purposes, and only 5% to 10% are given for immunization. (Immunization essentials, a practical field guide. 2003) Among other things, injection safety assessment includes; Competence of the staff on injection practice, the availability of injection equipment, logistics and supplies, Injection waste disp...
ABSTRACT Dengue virus infection is one of the major global public health problems. It is caused by one of the four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes that are transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Following infection, an individual remains vulnerable to re-infection with a different serotype of the DENV. The infection usually occurs with clinical manifestations ranging from an asymptomatic or mild febrile illness as classical dengue fever to the potentially life-threatening illness, dengue hemorrhagic...
Abstract: The multiple roles of fungal entomopathogens in host plants’ growth promotion, pest and pathogen management have drawn huge attention for investigation. Endophytic species are known to influence various activities of their associated host plants, and the endophyte-colonized plants have been demonstrated to gain huge benefits from these symbiotic associations. The potential application of fungal endophytes as alternative to inorganic fertilizers for crop improvement has often been...
Abstract: Soil-transmitted helminth parasitic infections constitute major public health challenges among school children in developing tropical and sub-tropical countries. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence and intensity of soil transmitted helminth parasitic infections and their associations with anthropometric measurements at Tulu Nageso Primary School of Oromia Region, Ethiopia. The design was cross sectional survey, involving 348 participants (1...
Abstract: Urinary Tract Infections is an infection caused by the presence and growth of pathogen anywhere in the urinary tract including a kidney, ureter, bladder, and urethra. Thus, the present study was aimed at identifying the predominant bacterial species causing Urinary Tract Infection, determining the antibiotic resistance patterns of uropathogenic bacteria isolated from Urinary Tract Infection patients visiting Haramaya hospital and the risk factors associated with Urinary Tract Infec...
ABSTRACT Microbial contamination in laboratories and hospitals is becoming serious problem worldwide and characterization of such contaminants offer hope for treating some hospital and laboratory acquired infections (LAI). Microbial contaminants on benches, floors, media and in equipment can be influenced by temperature, humidity, nutrient media used in the laboratories as well as storage conditions of the media. Therefore there is need to determine the microbial sources, isolate and identify...
ABSTRACT This study investigates knowledge and practices of Tuberculosis infection prevention and control among health workers in Tema General Hospital. Two hundred and twenty nine (229) randomly selected (stratification) health workers were administered a 54-item questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised sections designed to provide relevant information of concern to the study such as knowledge of Tuberculosis infection prevention and control, practices and challenges. Results showed that h...
Abstract Introduction: Trypanosome infections result into trypanosomosis in cattle and this is an infection detrimental to pastoralist income. The patterns of transmission are thought to be influenced by ecological factors including wildlife and land cover. We assessed the influence of the relative abundance of wildlife and land cover (cultivation and habitat type) on the presence of trypanosome infections in replicated cattle herds of the Maasai Steppe.
ABSTRACT Trypanosomosis is one of the most devastating diseases of animals caused by infection with a protozoan parasite trypanosome, which is transmitted by tse-tse fly. Besides anaemia, which is a cardinal symptom of the disease, infection also impairs the immune system of animals and renders them more susceptible to other. Under natural field condition, in areas where trypanosome and helminth parasites are endemic, mixed infection appears to be common. A study was conducted to determine t...
Abstract Maize lethal necrosis disease (MLND) in Kenya has been reported to be caused by a coinfection between a non-potyvirus Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and a potyvirus Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). The control of the disease in Kenya has been a challenge owing to the synergistic interactions that exist between the two viruses. This study, sought to determine the stage of synergism between the two viruses and its role in influencing the severity of the disease. Three maize hybrids...
ABSTRACT HIV infection continues to be among the leading causes of global mortality. Genital ulcer disease increases the risk of HIV infection. Ulcerative STDs such as Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and syphilis cause breaks in the skin or mucous membranes, disrupt barriers that provide protection againstHIV-1 infections. It has been shown that HSV-2 is the single most important sexually transmitted infection that is fueling the HIV epidemic in Africa.. There is also an estimated two to ...
Abstract: Intestinal protozoan parasitic infection is the major public health problem in many developing countries including Ethiopia. The present study was conducted to assess the common protozoan parasitic infections among school children and the associated determinant factors in Ashinga Primary School, Sayint district, Northeast Ethiopia. The design of the study was a crosssectional epidemiological investigation involving a sample population of 384 grade 1-8 school children in AshingaPrim...
ABSTRACT Measles remains a major severe infectious disease causing deaths of many children in most countries including Ghana. The disorder is associated with prolonged immunosuppression resulting in complications and mortality in children. Although attempts have been made to identify the specific immune functions altered during measles, the exact immune changes have not been fully characterized. The pro and anti-inflammatory response balances (Thl/Th2) are important in determining the pathoge...
Soil transmitted helminths (STH) infections; Anaemia and malnutrition are major public health problem in school age children in developing countries of the world. This study was conducted on 125 school children of Ebenezer primary school and Community high school, Shasha in Akinyele local government area of Oyo state. This study was carried out to assess the current prevalence as well as the nutritional impacts of STH infections among these school children. A school based cross sectional stud...