ABSTRACT Majority of life-threatening fungal infections in clinics are caused by Candida albicans. The emergence of azole resistance in fungi complicates patient management. In response to chemical stress, C. albicans make transient changes in the gene expression for survival. Notable among these is the upregulation of efflux pump which is known to be the main mechanism of antifungal resistance. Potent therapeutic agents targeting this resistance mechanism are urgently needed. Chemo-sensitiza...
Abstract: A mathematical model for a transmission of TB-HIV/AIDS co-infection that incorporates prevalence dependent behaviour change in the population and treatment for the infected (and infectious) class is formulated and analyzed. The two sub-models, when each of the two diseases are considered separately are mathematically analyzed. The theory of optimal control analysis is applied to the full model with the objective of minimizing the aggregate cost of the infections and the control eff...
Abstract: Due to the rapid development of tick resistance to synthetic chemical acaricides and the potential risk posed by these chemicals to non-target species, efforts are intensifying towards the development of entomopathogenic fungi as an environmentally benign alternative tick control strategy. The main objective of this study is the development of formulations and delivery systems for control of ticks with entomopathogenic fungi. Screening of entomopathogenic fungal isolates is the fir...
ABSTRACT Background; Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of death, and the principal cause from a single infectious agent (above HIV/AIDS); millions of people continue to fall sick with the disease to each year, HIV and TB alone or as coinfections, are a significant public health problem in the world with the biggest contribution to morbidity and mortality felt in sub-Saharan Africa. The immunosuppressive state caused by the decline in immunity as a result of HIV enables ...
Abstract A study was conducted in Kampala International University- Teaching Hospital accident and emergency department between July 2013 to October 2013 to assess the awareness and practises of infection prevention amongst health care workers at their work place. The specific objectives of this study were to assess the practices of the staff in emergency rooms on the standard protocols observed in infections prevention, to identify the roles played by the admi...
INTRODUCTION There has been world wide explosion of infectious diseases with emerging diseases such as HIV/AIDS pandemic as well as old diseases like cholera, tuberculosis, dengue, or malaria. These infectious diseases are on a sudden increase due to many factors amongst which; climate change, transformation of ecosystems, socio-economic problems and Public health systems deterioration in many countries in the world. Generally, numerous diseases have emerged and re-emerged (Sanjeev et al., 20...
Abstract: The virulence of eight isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae and four isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) to adult Cylas puncticollis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was tested in the laboratory. Insects were sprayed with a standard concentration of 1.0 107 conidia mL21 using Burgerjon’s spray tower. All the isolates tested were pathogenic to C. puncticollis. Mortality varied between 77.5% and 84.2% with isolates of B. bassiana and between 62.5% and 89.2% with isola...
Abstract Background: Fungus-cultivating termites make use of an obligate mutualism with fungi from the genus Termitomyces, which are acquired through either vertical transmission via reproductive alates or horizontally transmitted during the formation of new mounds. Termitomyces taxonomy, and thus estimating diversity and host specificity of these fungi, is challenging because fruiting bodies are rarely found. Molecular techniques can be applied but need not necessarily yield the same outcom...
Abstract: Nosemosis is a parasitic disease caused by microsporidian pathogens of the genus Nosema infecting both the Western honey bee, Apis mellifera, and the Asian honey bee Apis cerana. The disease may adversely affect bee colonies and eventually result in high losses in apiculture and agriculture. We determined the Nosema species infecting honey bees and their prevalence in two islands of the Comoros Archipelago (Grande Comore (GCO) and Mohéli (MOH)) in the Southwest Indian Ocean. In Co...
ABSTRACT Livestock production is one of the farming systems and has a great impact on food and economic security in most developing countries. Animal African trypanosomiasis is a major limitation to livestock production in Africa, particularly cattle production. The disease is caused by Trypanosoma spp., a broad range of protozoan parasites of wild and domestic animals through cyclical and mechanical transmission. Cross-sectional studies conducted in Ghana reveal the common species of trypano...
This seminar report provides an in-depth examination of the microorganisms causing soft rot of tomato. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a red edible fruit having many varieties which are widely grown, often in greenhouses in cooler climates and open fields. It is consumed in diverse ways, including raw, as an ingredient in many dishes and sauces, in drinks and as a vegetable for culinary purposes. Diseases are a major limiting factor for tomato production. Diseases can be classified into two ...
This paper is about prevalence of Hepatitis B virus in North Eastern Nigeria. TABLE OF CONTENTS CERTIFICATION--------------------------------------------------------------I DEDICATION-----------------------------------------------------------------II ACKNOWLEDGEMENT----------------------------------------------------III TABLE OF CONTENTS------------------------------------------------------IV CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION-------------------------------------------------------1 CHAPTER TWO LITERIT...
Abstract: In the past few decades, the control of pests and diseases of cultivated plants using natural and biological measures has drawn increasing attention in the quest to reduce the level of dependence on chemical products for agricultural production. The use of living organisms, predators, parasitoids, and microorganisms, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, has proven to be a viable and sustainable pest management technique. Among the aforementioned, fungi, most importantly the insect...
ABSTRACT Background Nosocomial infections are a major public health problem worldwide and are on the increase despite significant efforts by hospital infection control measures. Nosocomial infection comprises infection occurring in a patient who is receiving treatment in a health care settings. Infection acquired by health care workers and people visiting the hospital is considered nosocomial infection. These infections affect about 2 million people globally resulting in 5% to 15% of them sp...
Abstract: Many microorganisms have the potential to cause diseases for which the human body is prone. The discovery of antibiotics has, however, provided important tools to combat bacterial diseases. But due to the indiscriminate use of commercial antimicrobial drugs in the treatment of infectious diseases multiple drug resistance has developed among some pathogens. This creates a need for searching new effective and safe antimicrobial therapeutic agents. The aim of this study was to test th...