Recovery from thin oil rims are generally affected by the depletion strategies, reservoirarchitecture, operational and reservoir uncertainties. Irrespective of the oil rim thickness,size of the gas cap and aquifer, recoveries are generally low because of pressure depletionrates. Oil recoveries during gas and water injections are also often low due to ineffectivestudy of uncertainties in reservoir parameters. Previous studies on Water Alternating Gas(WAG) injection were based on less profitabl...
Nine fungal organisms were isolated from rotted white yam (Dioscorea rotundata) tubers from Kadarko, Nasarawa, Nigeria between February and May, 2015. Trichoderma harzianum was used as a biological agent to evaluate its potential against Colletotrichum species isolated from rotted white yam tubers in dual culture method at Advanced Plant Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria. Percentage frequency of occurrence of the isolated fungal organisms was determined...
A community-based survey to determine the prevalence of human T-cell Iymphotropic type I (HTLV-I) and type II (HTLV-II) virus infections in mothers and children in south-western Nigeria was carried out using blood samples collected in 1993. A multistage cluster, random sampling procedure was used to select 460 mother-child pairs (476 children because there were 16 sets of twills) from 14 enumeration areas. A commercially available, whole HTLV-I lysate antigen-based ELISA method was used to s...
Abstract: Anopheles mosquitoes are colonized by diverse microorganisms that may influence hosts‟ biology and vectorial capacity. Resident Anopheles bacterial symbionts isolated from these hosts are known to influence traits such as generational fitness, survival, host seeking,and infectivity of pathogens such asPlasmodium falciparum.Eukaryotic symbionts such as fungi residing in the gut of Anopheles gambiaecould confer similar phenotypes, but are undexplored. It was hypothesized that fungi...
Phosphorus (P) is the second important nutrient after nitrogen. In plants, phosphorous increases the strength of cereal straw, promotes flower formation and fruit production, stimulates root development and essential for seed formation. Mobility of phosphate ions in the soil is very low due to their high retention in soil. In this regard, P supply through biological systems is considered a viable alternative, and inoculation of Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms, especially fungi to soil, ...
Fungi are ubiquitous plant pathogens that are major spoilage agents of foods and feedstuffs. The infection of plants by various fungi not only results in reduction in crop yield and quality with significant economic losses but also contamination of grains with poisonous fungal secondary metabolites called mycotoxins. There is an urgent need to address the food safety and International trade issues associated with mycotoxin contamination in Nigerian consumer goods and agricultural products be...
ABSTRACT Background Nurses play a pivotal role in healthcare delivery and they are responsible for ensuring the safety of patients as well as their own safety in the clinical setting. Nurses are in more contact with patients than other healthcare professionals and hold the key to infection prevention and control challenges. Inadequate knowledge and failure of nurses to comply with infection prevention and control (IPC) practices at healthcare settings is a major contributory factor to the bu...
ABSTRACT Infections caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV) constitute a global public health burden. Worldwide, over 20 million new cases of asymptomatic infections, 3.4 million illnesses and 70 000 deaths due to HEV occur each year. Infections with HEV are the leading cause of oro-fæcally acquired viral hepatitis and outbreaks have occurred in more than 61 countries. In developing countries particularly in Asia and Africa HEV outbreaks cause 10-30% case fatality rates in pregnant women and the ...
Abstract A study was conducted at the Crop Science Department, University of Ghana, Legon, to isolate,identify and test pathogenecity of fungal isolates causing the reported black sigatoka disease of plantain in Ghana and compare the isolate with that isolated from local tall banana having leaf spots. Field symptoms of plantain and banana were compared and found to be similar. Initial specks indicating infection were minute, reddish-brown and were conspicuous only on the abaxial leaf surfaces...
ABSTRACT Viruses and fungi are the major threat to sweet potato production because they reduce yield by up to 90% thereby threatening food security. A study was carried out to identify pathogenic viruses and fungi affecting sweet potato and to determine their distribution across varieties and sites in Gweru. A total of 28 samples belonging to five different sweet potato varieties were collected from nine sites in Gweru. Plants were screened for viruses using two methods namely direct observat...
ABSTRACT Majority of life-threatening fungal infections in clinics are caused by Candida albicans. The emergence of azole resistance in fungi complicates patient management. In response to chemical stress, C. albicans make transient changes in the gene expression for survival. Notable among these is the upregulation of efflux pump which is known to be the main mechanism of antifungal resistance. Potent therapeutic agents targeting this resistance mechanism are urgently needed. Chemo-sensitiza...
Abstract: A mathematical model for a transmission of TB-HIV/AIDS co-infection that incorporates prevalence dependent behaviour change in the population and treatment for the infected (and infectious) class is formulated and analyzed. The two sub-models, when each of the two diseases are considered separately are mathematically analyzed. The theory of optimal control analysis is applied to the full model with the objective of minimizing the aggregate cost of the infections and the control eff...
Abstract: Due to the rapid development of tick resistance to synthetic chemical acaricides and the potential risk posed by these chemicals to non-target species, efforts are intensifying towards the development of entomopathogenic fungi as an environmentally benign alternative tick control strategy. The main objective of this study is the development of formulations and delivery systems for control of ticks with entomopathogenic fungi. Screening of entomopathogenic fungal isolates is the fir...
ABSTRACT Background; Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of death, and the principal cause from a single infectious agent (above HIV/AIDS); millions of people continue to fall sick with the disease to each year, HIV and TB alone or as coinfections, are a significant public health problem in the world with the biggest contribution to morbidity and mortality felt in sub-Saharan Africa. The immunosuppressive state caused by the decline in immunity as a result of HIV enables ...
Abstract A study was conducted in Kampala International University- Teaching Hospital accident and emergency department between July 2013 to October 2013 to assess the awareness and practises of infection prevention amongst health care workers at their work place. The specific objectives of this study were to assess the practices of the staff in emergency rooms on the standard protocols observed in infections prevention, to identify the roles played by the admi...