TURBULENCE SPECTRUM FEATURES OF TURBULENCE EXAMPLES OF TURBULENCE LAMINAR FLOW OF CIGARETTE BECOMING TURBULENT LAMINAR AND TURBULENT WATER FLOW OVER THE HULL OF A SUBMARINE. TURBULENCE FROM AIR PLANE VORTEX
Blue Skies and White Clouds Red Suns and Blue Moons Mirages Rainbow Halo and Sun Dogs Corona Irisation / Cloud Iridescence Sun / Light Pillars Crepuscular Rays Lightning Auroral Lights Glory
Resources from Marine Volcanoes- Economic Minerals
Why Study Volcanoes? What Is A Volcano? Volcano Anatomy Materials Produced by Volcanic Eruptions Lava Structures Types of Volcanoes Types of Volcanic Eruptions
• Occurrence, structure, and types of volcanoes on the ocean floor. • Distribution, formation, activities, and eruptions of the marine volcanoes. • Oceanic ridge systems – varieties, distribution, characteristic structures, and features. • Magma types and materials. • Lava flows on the sea floor – their characteristics, structures, features, mineral, and rock types. • Resources from marine volcanoes – economic minerals and associated biological species.
White light and colors Nature and Properties of Light Sunlight Bending of light Mirages Optical phenomena
Rainbows Rainbow Formation Halos Halos Formation Sun Dogs or Parhelia Sun Pillars Optical Display in the Alps
Earth-Atmosphere Importance of Earth-Atmosphere Structure of the Atmosphere Atmospheric Variables
Mechanism of Precipitate Formation Experimental Control of Particle Size Precipitation from homogenous solution Minimisation of impurity in gravimetric precipitation Coprecipitation
Fluid Dynamics CLASSIFICATION OF DYNAMICS LAMINAR AND TURBULENT FLOW COMPRESSIBLE AND INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUID SUBSONIC AND SUPERSONIC FLOW
Cloud Classifications and Characteristics
BOWEN RATIO BOWEN RATIO CALCULATION
Seismicity and Earthquake zones Earthquake Earthquakes Studies The First Seismograph Modern Seismographs Seismogram Reading Location of Earthquake's Epicenter Measurement of Earthquake Magnitudes List of Earthquake (Seismic) Zones in India What are Seismic Waves? What is Seismograph
VERTICAL WIND PROFILE A PILOT BALLOON SET IN MOTION AN OPTICAL THEODOLITE A WIND PROFILE WRT ALTITUDES IN THE ATMOSPHERE
RASTER DATA MODELS AND OTHERS