ABSTRACT Infectious diseases of livestock are difficult to control in Africa due partly to lack of vaccines. In the absence of these vaccines, livestock production in endemic regions is constrained by the need for repeated acaricide use and/or the loss of opportunity to genetically improve the productivity of the indigenous breeds. Indigenous cattle have innate resistance to majority of diseases but are of low productivity. There is evidence that resistance to severe disease and death upon in...
ABSTRACT Background: HBV infection remains one of the highly infectious diseases that can be contracted by HCW’S through needle pricks, sharp related injuries, and splash of blood or body fluids into the eyes or mucus membranes and other human activities like unprotected sexual intercourse. Nurses are known to be a high risk group for the infection but nursing students are even at the greatest risk of the infection due to their inexperience. Despite these facts above, the prevalence and th...
ABSTRACT Ninety percent (90%) of TB infections are self-limiting; 10% will progress into active or latent TB. Persons with latent TB cannot spread disease but can go on to become infectious cases later. The risk of TB infection and progression from latent infection to active infection is higher in children than in adults. A person with active TB can infect up to 15 persons yearly through close contact. Contact investigation is therefore recommended for close contacts of TB patients to identif...
ABSTRACT Introduction: Fever describes an increase in internal body temperature to levels that are above normal (commonly oral/axillary measurement of normal human body temperature is 36.8±0.7 °C or 98.2±1.3 °F) and is the most common response of the body to any insult to the body. The most common cause of fever in our setting is malaria and therefore children get treated for malaria once they have a fever whether the cause is proven (by laboratory confirmation) to be malaria or not. Ot...
Abstract: Potato Cyst Nematodes (PCN) (Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida Woll.) are quarantine pests of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) worldwide capable of causing significant yield loss and difficult to manage with conventional methods. The study explored the diversity of antagonistic fungi associated with PCN obtained from soil samples collected in Nyandarua and Nakuru Counties in Kenya and their effect on PCN egg viability and hatching was also evaluated. Twelve fungal isolates from f...
Abstract Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of herpesviruses. It is one of the most common causes of congenital and prenatal infections. It is a ubiquitous virus with the ability to establish latency following primary infection, and can be reactivated particularly during episodes of immunosuppression. CMV infection of pregnant women, especially in the first trimester may lead to congenital abnormalities and is often associated with serious complications, such as microcephaly, mental retardatio...
ABSTRACT It is estimated that about 10 million pregnant women could be infected with schistosomiasis in Africa. In Kisumu, schistosomiasis, soil transmitted helminths and malaria are endemic and studies done on school children and occupationally exposed adults had reported high prevalence levels of these infections. However, little was known about the prevalence of S. mansoni, geohelminths and malaria co-infections among pregnant women in Kisumu, Kenya. In order to determine the importance of...
Maize production in Kenya is under threat due to infection by maize lethal necrosis disease (MLND). The disease is known to cause intensive complete yield loss. It is caused by a synergistic infection of maize by maize chlorotic mottle virus and sugarcane mosaic virus which are mainly vectored by corn thrips (Frankliniella williamsi, Hood) and corn leaf aphids (Rhopalosiphum maidis, Fitch) respectively. This study was carried out with the aim of investigating the following aspects; farme...
Background. Neglected tropical diseases continue to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. Psychiatric patients are among groups at risk for parasitic infection although control and monitoring programs largely overlook this population. This study aimed at determining prevalence and factors associated with intestinal parasitic infection among patients admitted to a psychiatric facility. Method. The study followed cross-sectional design; all the residin...
ABSTRACT Human papilloma virus (HPV) infections are the most common sexually transmitted infections(STDs) in the world. This study was to document the prevalence. of Human papilloma virus infection in Federal university Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Urine samples were collected from ninety four participants and were screened for HPV (lgM) antibody using the HPV ELISA. Out of 94 samples analysed, 2 (2.1 %) was positive for Human papilloma virus IgM, and higher prevalence were recorded i...
People with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus have been found to be prone to urinary tract infections. There is a wide gap of information in developing countries regarding the prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity of the pathogens causing urinary tract infections in diabetic patients. Developed nations also face a relatively huge burden of managing urinary tract infections among non-insulin dependent diabetics. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and antibi...
ABSTRACT In a comprehensive work to assess staphylococcal nosocomial infections in patients in National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu (NOHE), Nigeria and to assess the possible contribution of healthcare workers and fomites, a study was carried out between May 2013 and June 2014. This involved the analysis of a total of 578 samples, 200(35%) comprising of 100 in-patients and 100 healthcare workers ) and 378 samples collected from different fomites within the theatre/ wards. Human samples (wound...
ABSTRACT Eukaryotic pathogens are responsible for several serious human diseases, however, most drugs used as treatment regimens are ineffective while others still in use are toxic. This study seeks to identify bioactive molecules from wood decay fungal (WDF) extracts with activity against eukaryotic pathogens (especially Candida albicans and Plasmodium falciparum). The Saccharomyces cerevisiae model organism for eukaryotic cell biology studies is extensively used to screen bioactive molecul...
ABSTRACT Kumi-Woode, B. G. 1996. Natural decay resistance of some Ghanaian timbers and wood decay hazard potential for Ghana. M.Sc.F. Thesis. Faculty of Forestry, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. 98 pp. (Advisor: E. C. Setliff, PhD). Key words: decay resistance, agar-block, soil-block, Coriolopsis polyzona, Oligoporus placentus, Pycnoporus sanguineus, Trametes versicolor, decay index. The natural decay resistance of 30 Ghanaian wood species, the decay capacity of four wood...
ABSTRAC Fusarium wilt of tomato is considered as one of the most important diseases of the worldwide. The present investigation was undertaken under laboratory of Plant protection Department, College of Agricultural Studies, Sudan University of Science and Technology, to study the effect of aqueous leaves extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Mint, Sweet basil plants and fungicide Revus top on growth of the fungi Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici causal agent of wilt in tomato. Three conc...