ABSTRACT Background An effective Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) programme is fundamental to quality health care. The purpose of this study is to assess the knowledge of infection prevention, availability and access to materials for infection and compliance with infection prevention guidelines at Ridge Regional Hospital. This facility has staff strength of Eight hundred and seventy-two (872) comprising of doctors, nurses, pharmacists, laboratory technicians and other healthcare workers...
ABSTRACT Background: Malaria and acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) are the leading infectious causes of febrile encephalopathy in malaria endemic settings. The clinical distinction of the two conditions is complicated by overlap in clinical features. Objective: To determine the clinical predictors for malaria, ABM and treatment outcome in febrile children aged 2 months to 12 years with altered mentation at two tertiary hospitals in Northwestern Tanzania. Methods: Prospective study of 103 ch...
Abstract T-cell proliferation studies are traditionally carried out with radioactive reagents or fluorescent reagents that require measurement with advanced technology instrumentation. We attempted to calibrate the optimal conditions suitable for the use of a non-radioactive assay for the measurement of a T-cell proliferation assay in bovine fascioliasis, but applicable to the study of other infectious diseases in our developing 'country setting, Crude antigen extract was prepared from 15 adu...
Abstract/Overview Cassava (Manihot esculentaCrantz) is a major source of carbohydrates, calcium, vitamins (B and C), and essential minerals and is the third most important source of calories in the tropics. However, it is not clear if the traditional processing methods expose the products to microbial contamination.) is study assessed the levels of fungi and aflatoxin contamination in traditionally processed cassava products (Akuoga and Abeta). A total of 38 samples were collected from th...
ABSTRACT Objective: Hepatitis B virus infection is common in Nigerians and its diagnosis is necessary for effective treatment and eradication. This study is aimed at highlighting the serological factors jeopardizing the diagnosis and treatment of the infection among Nigerians adults.
ABSTRACT Immunization is the process of conferring increased resistance to an infectious disease by a means other than experiencing the natural infection. It is a simple, safe and effective way of protecting children and adults against some diseases that can cause serious illnesses and sometimes deaths. And if they are protected, they will not be able to pass the infection on to other people especially very young babies who have not been fully immunized yet. Childhood immunization is an act o...
Abstract/Overview Malaria and persistent childhood diseases are a major threat to child survival in the developing world. In this paper, we develop and analyse a mathematical model for paediatric malaria and pneumonia co-infection. We establish the existence of equilibria points in terms of the basic reproduction numbers Rm and Rp. The analysis shows that the diseasefree equilibrium of the model is globally asymptotically stable whenever the co-infection reproduction number Rmp is less th...
ABSTRACT Men who have sex with men experience a high burden of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoea infections which remain largely undiagnosed in the context of syndromic and presumptive treatment. In Kenya, limited data is available to inform on occurrence and recurrence of rectal chlamydia and gonorrhoea and antibiotic sensitivity on Neisseria gonorrhoea among Men who have sex with men who report receptive anal intercourse. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence, ...
Abstract/Overview Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a major source of carbohydrates, calcium, vitamins (B and C), and essential minerals and isthe third most important source of calories in the tropics. However, it is not clear if the traditional processing methods expose the products to microbial contamination. )is study assessed the levels of fungi and aflatoxin contamination in traditionally processed cassava products (Akuoga and Abeta). A total of 38 samples were collected from th...
Abstract Hepatitis B infection is one of the world's major infectious diseases and health care workers (HCWs) have a high risk of occupational exposure to HBV. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted during March to October 2019, to detect the frequency of HBV serologically among health care workers in McNimir Hospital. One hundred (n=100) blood specimens were collected from each eligible participants and structured questionnaire was used to collect both demographic and clinical...
Abstract: Tuberculosis is a deadly infectious disease, affecting millions of people worldwide. Ethiopia ranks seventh among the twenty two high tuberculosis burden countries .The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and its associated risk factors among patients visiting Bishoftu Hospital in Oromiya Region. A retrospective study based on ten years data of TB patients (from year 2006-2015) and a cross-sectional survey study on the prevalence of smear pos...
Efficacy of some plant extracts (Piper nigrum, Zingiber officinale, Azadirachta indica, Carica papya and Nicotiana tabacum) and a chemical fungicide (mancozeb) using three concentrations of hot aqueous plant extracts (30, 60 and 90 g/l) and mancozeb (4, 8 and 12 g/l) in in vitro inhibition of Colletotrichum sp. mycelia was carried out at Advanced Plant Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria. Rotted yam tubers were collected from farmers’ barns and take...
ABSTRACT Teachers in early childhood education centres are the epitome of care concerning infection prevention for young children in educational programmes. A comparative descriptive quantitative survey was used to assess the knowledge level, practice and resources availability for infection prevention in early childhood education centres in the Suhum Municipality. One hundred and sixty (160) teachers from 52 randomly selected early childhood centres; cretches, nurseries, day cares and kind...
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Q fever is a zoonotic infection transmitted by an intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii. The most frequently observed clinical feature of Q fever is acute febrile illness, or in rare cases, chronic illnesses. This disease is under-diagnosed and under-reported because the symptoms are nonspecific, resembling other febrile illnesses such as malaria. Due to similarity of Q fever clinical symptoms to malaria and other febrile illness aetiologies, misdiagnosis could lead to...
Abstract: Smallholder subsistence farming is important in the production of food crops for basic livelihoods and income generation in rural areas. However, yields have remained low due to high disease, weed and pest incidences. Currently, crop pests and diseases are largely controlled by use of chemicals, which have adverse effects on the environment and nontarget organisms. There is need for new methods that are environmentally safe to supplement existing control strategies in order to enha...