Background: Type 2 diabetes comes with various complications and this may be compounded by morbidities of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. Aims: This study examined the prevalence of HBV and HCV infectionst among type 2 diabetics as well as its associated factors. This randomized crossâsectional study was conducted at the Diabetic Clinic of the Central Regional Hospital, Cape Coast between December 2012 and April 2013. Subjects and Methods: A wellâstructured q...
ABSTRACT ;/ descript ive cross -, section analysis 0/ five hundred patients who were symptomatically diagnosed of malaria in three locations: Saki (peri-urban), Ibadan (urban) and Lagos (highly urbanized) were recruited /01' this study using a well structured questionnaire between September 2005 and June 2006. The prevalence 0/ both malaria and HIV infections were higher in Peri-Urban town than the other two locations. We observed that 80% were HIV positive in Saki. 20% in Ibadan and 37. J % ...
Abstract: Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) is a virus disease complex that was recently reported in eastern Africa. It causes huge yield losses, hence threatening food security in the region. It is caused by a co-infection of Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) in maize and other cereal crops. Thrips and beetles are known vectors of MCMV while SCMV is vectored by aphids. Since MLN is new to Africa, there are no known effective management strategies against the di...
Recovery from thin oil rims are generally affected by the depletion strategies, reservoirarchitecture, operational and reservoir uncertainties. Irrespective of the oil rim thickness,size of the gas cap and aquifer, recoveries are generally low because of pressure depletionrates. Oil recoveries during gas and water injections are also often low due to ineffectivestudy of uncertainties in reservoir parameters. Previous studies on Water Alternating Gas(WAG) injection were based on less profitabl...
ABSTRACT Background: Injecting drug use has created a major international public health problem where on average 6 million people are injecting drugs worldwide. This study aimed to explore the potential of bridging the HIV infection from injection drug users (IDUs) through sexual networks to the general population in Zanzibar. Seek to understand the interplay between injection drug use, sexual behavior and the epidemiological shift in the transmission of HIV infection between key population ...
Abstract: Malaria remains among the world’s deadliest diseases, and control efforts depend critically on the availability of effective diagnostic tools, particularly for the identification of asymptomatic infections, which play a key role in disease persistence and may account for most instances of transmission but often evade detection by current screening methods. Research on humans and in animal models has shown that infection by malaria parasites elicits changes in host odors that infl...
Nine fungal organisms were isolated from rotted white yam (Dioscorea rotundata) tubers from Kadarko, Nasarawa, Nigeria between February and May, 2015. Trichoderma harzianum was used as a biological agent to evaluate its potential against Colletotrichum species isolated from rotted white yam tubers in dual culture method at Advanced Plant Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria. Percentage frequency of occurrence of the isolated fungal organisms was determined...
A community-based survey to determine the prevalence of human T-cell Iymphotropic type I (HTLV-I) and type II (HTLV-II) virus infections in mothers and children in south-western Nigeria was carried out using blood samples collected in 1993. A multistage cluster, random sampling procedure was used to select 460 mother-child pairs (476 children because there were 16 sets of twills) from 14 enumeration areas. A commercially available, whole HTLV-I lysate antigen-based ELISA method was used to s...
Abstract: Anopheles mosquitoes are colonized by diverse microorganisms that may influence hosts‟ biology and vectorial capacity. Resident Anopheles bacterial symbionts isolated from these hosts are known to influence traits such as generational fitness, survival, host seeking,and infectivity of pathogens such asPlasmodium falciparum.Eukaryotic symbionts such as fungi residing in the gut of Anopheles gambiaecould confer similar phenotypes, but are undexplored. It was hypothesized that fungi...
Phosphorus (P) is the second important nutrient after nitrogen. In plants, phosphorous increases the strength of cereal straw, promotes flower formation and fruit production, stimulates root development and essential for seed formation. Mobility of phosphate ions in the soil is very low due to their high retention in soil. In this regard, P supply through biological systems is considered a viable alternative, and inoculation of Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms, especially fungi to soil, ...
Fungi are ubiquitous plant pathogens that are major spoilage agents of foods and feedstuffs. The infection of plants by various fungi not only results in reduction in crop yield and quality with significant economic losses but also contamination of grains with poisonous fungal secondary metabolites called mycotoxins. There is an urgent need to address the food safety and International trade issues associated with mycotoxin contamination in Nigerian consumer goods and agricultural products be...
ABSTRACT Background Nurses play a pivotal role in healthcare delivery and they are responsible for ensuring the safety of patients as well as their own safety in the clinical setting. Nurses are in more contact with patients than other healthcare professionals and hold the key to infection prevention and control challenges. Inadequate knowledge and failure of nurses to comply with infection prevention and control (IPC) practices at healthcare settings is a major contributory factor to the bu...
ABSTRACT Infections caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV) constitute a global public health burden. Worldwide, over 20 million new cases of asymptomatic infections, 3.4 million illnesses and 70 000 deaths due to HEV occur each year. Infections with HEV are the leading cause of oro-fæcally acquired viral hepatitis and outbreaks have occurred in more than 61 countries. In developing countries particularly in Asia and Africa HEV outbreaks cause 10-30% case fatality rates in pregnant women and the ...
Abstract A study was conducted at the Crop Science Department, University of Ghana, Legon, to isolate,identify and test pathogenecity of fungal isolates causing the reported black sigatoka disease of plantain in Ghana and compare the isolate with that isolated from local tall banana having leaf spots. Field symptoms of plantain and banana were compared and found to be similar. Initial specks indicating infection were minute, reddish-brown and were conspicuous only on the abaxial leaf surfaces...
ABSTRACT Viruses and fungi are the major threat to sweet potato production because they reduce yield by up to 90% thereby threatening food security. A study was carried out to identify pathogenic viruses and fungi affecting sweet potato and to determine their distribution across varieties and sites in Gweru. A total of 28 samples belonging to five different sweet potato varieties were collected from nine sites in Gweru. Plants were screened for viruses using two methods namely direct observat...