ABSTRACT This thesis is focused on fabrication of biodegradable implantable devices for extended localized drug release. Paclitaxel (PT) was used as cancer drug in the study. Poly lactic –co- glycolic acid (PLGA) is a polymer used for drug elution. In this work, the role of enzymes on the degradation of PLGA, Effect of different pH on the degradation of PLGA and the kinetics of drug release was elucidated. PLGA ratios of 75:25 and 85:15 were used. The enzyme used in the study is lipase enz...
ABSTRACT The growing global understanding of ecological footprints and environmental pollution invented by humans is gainfully affecting our material design practice, pushing the search for more sustainable alternatives, and development of natural biocomposites. In this research, the natural ability of saprophytic fungi to digest and bind lingo-cellulose is utilized to develop natural biocomposite materials for novel applications in design and architecture. This study aims to provide an insi...
ABSTRACT When a well is drilled, the equilibrium in-situ stress is changed. In order to support the stress relief induced by the drilling and to prevent hydrocarbon influx into the cavity, the borehole is filled with a fluid. These operations create new stress configurations. The main point in wellbore projects is the definition of the drilling fluid density to keep the wellbore stable. The lower bound to the fluid density is the collapse stress that is the limit to shearing. The upper bound...
ABSTRACT The first part of this study discussed in details the two major model that was developed for the study of a multilayer reservoir system. They are the Dual permeability model proposed by Bourdet and the semipermeability wall model proposed by Gao. The pressure response of a crossflow system is observed in three stages; it behaves as a commingled system in the early stage and then as a single layer homogenous system in the late stage. There is a transition stage, which connects the ear...
ABSTRACT Despite its numerous benefits the search and production of crude oil poses a lot of dangers to the environment. Among these include land, water and air pollution. Prominent among the major sources of E&P waste is drilling operations which form the second largest source of waste after production activities. The major drilling wastes are drill cuttings, drilling mud and obnoxious gas emissions. These wastes are introduced into the environment through intentional as well as accidental ...
ABSTRACT The purpose of this work is to evaluate the uncertainty in the volumes of fluids in place in Fault Block A (Segment 3) of the G-1 Sands in the OND field located offshore Niger Delta. The evaluation was performed in three parts: (1) building of the static model and division into three hydrocarbon zones with reference to the oil-water-contact (OWC); (2) estimating the distribution of petrophysical properties such as porosity, water saturation and net-to-gross ratio in the reservoir an...
ABSTRACT Like any industry, the economic success of the oil and gas industry can be no swifter than its success in corrosion control/prevention. Some oil and gas industries operate in hostile offshore environment that harbors significantly quite substantially different corrosive agents including ions of chloride, Cl- , bicarbonate (HCO3 - ), hydrogen sulfide (HS- ), sulfide (S- ), etc., coupled with gases such as oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), just to name a few. Oil and gas structural m...
ABSTRACT Oil reserves are now located in hard-to-reach locations. This, combined with low oil prices, makes drilling for new reserves very expensive and risky. Enhanced oil recovery, which increases the amount of oil that can be recovered from a reservoir, should therefore be considered. This work uses numerical simulation to determine the suitability of gum arabic as a polymer for EOR operations. This was done by matching core-flooding experiments using Eclipse. Simulation gave a waterflood...
ABSTRACT The wellbore integrity plays an important role in petroleum operations like drilling, well completion and production. Caliper, Electrical image logs, Acoustic televiewers (ATV) and Optical televiewers (OTV) are some of the devices currently used in the industries to identify breakouts. However, these techniques are restricted in applications. For instance; caliper sometimes indicates the effect of drill spiral grooves as borehole enlargement zones, poor resolution, and complicated p...
ABSTRACT Alkali activation is a rapidly developing area in the global materials research and development community. It is based on alkali aluminosilicate chemistry with primary focus on the activation of solid aluminosilicate materials under alkaline conditions to produce three-dimensional network of inorganic polymer binders. However, little research has been conducted to harness this technology in the development of earth-based composites. This work provides insights on the application of ...
ABSTRACT Determination of optimal well locations for infill drilling is a challenging task because engineering and geologic variables affecting reservoir performance are often nonlinearly correlated and have some degree of uncertainty attached to them. Numerical models which are the basis of well placement decisions rely on data that are uncertain, which in turn translate to uncertainty in our numerical simulation forecasts. The objective of this research is to employ an efficient optimizati...
Abstract In this dissertation two main themes are explored. In the first part some phenomenologies of light transport across the ZnO/Al/ZnO (ZAZ) thin film multilayer structures are investigated. The multilayered ZAZ thin film composite structures are explored for potential applications as transparent electrodes (TEs) alternatives to the costly transparent indium-doped-tin-oxide (ITO) anodes that are used currently in organic solar cells (OSCs), organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) and var...
A radiological safety assessment of the GHARR-1 was evaluated by calculating approximately the TEDE of radionuclides release from the reactor at shutdown using atmospheric dispersion model before the commencement of the core conversion from HEU to LEU fuel. A condition essentially needed for safety and environmental impact assessment to obtain the core conversion (removal) program license. In doing so, a source term estimation and radiological safety assessment were initially performed. ...
ABSTRACT Without accurate estimation of annular pressure losses it is possible to face serious problems that would yield to interruption in drilling operation and sometimes lead to the abandonment of the well. Therefore, exact estimation of annular pressure losses is vital in drilling and well completion operations to control formation pressure and optimize drilling and completion fluids hydraulic program. Many investigators have proposed different equivalent diameter concept to provide a si...
ABSTRACT The research is aimed at the understanding of the various diagnostic plots for the analysis of water production that are available as well as the application of these methods in a case study. It also aimed at the establishment of a work flow for the evaluation of water production mechanisms. A workflow was developed that combines numerical simulation and diagnostic plots to analyze the water production performance in a reservoir. This workflow was validated using a case study. The m...