The soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, is the most damaging pathogen of soybeans in the United States. To assess the severity of nematode infestations in the field, SCN egg population densities are determined. Cysts (dead females) of the nematode must be extracted from soil samples and then ground to extract the eggs within. Sucrose centrifugation commonly is used to separate debris from suspensions of extracted nematode eggs. We present a method using OptiPrep as a density gra...
INTRODUCTION DEFINITION: This is the process of cooling a defined space for various applications such as preservation of products in a domestic, commercial or industrial setting. The temperature attained is influenced by the storage and maintenance requirements of the product to be preserved. The process creates a refrigeration effect at a source while delivering heat to a sink.
The piston is a heart of the engine and its working condition is the most exceedingly bad one of the key parts of the engine in the workplace. A piston is a segment of responding piston, responding pumps, gas compressors and pneumatic chambers, among other comparative systems. It is the moving part that is contained by a barrel and is made gas-tight by piston rings. In a piston, its motivation is to exchange force from growing gas in the barrel to the crankshaft through a piston bar and addit...
The suitability of Owoh clay for the production of ceramics and other industrial products hasbeen successfully carried out. The chemical analysis was carried out using X-ray fluorescence(XRD) technique. Particle size analysis was conducted using electric size shakers. Otherphysical properties tested were conducted using international accepted standard. The results ofthe chemical analysis conducted showed that the clay has Al2O3 (29.04%) and SiO2 (50.60%) asits predominant oxides with Cr2O3 (0...
We describe a microfluidic platform that can be used to study the hydroponic growth of Arabidopsis plants with high-resolution visualization of root development and root-pathogen interactions. The platform comprises a set of parallel microchannels with individual input/output ports, where 1-day old germinated seedlings are initially placed. Under optimal conditions, a root system grows in each microchannel and its images are recorded over a 198-h period. Different concentrations of plant g...
We describe a microfluidic platform that can be used to study the hydroponic growth of Arabidopsis plants with high-resolution visualization of root development and root-pathogen interactions. The platform comprises a set of parallel microchannels with individual input/output ports, where 1-day old germinated seedlings are initially placed. Under optimal conditions, a root system grows in each microchannel and its images are recorded over a 198-h period. Different concentrations of plant g...
A method to create smart and flexible switches for the regulation of liquid flow across multiple channels is essential in paper microfluidics. Prior approaches are hampered by long response times, high actuation fluid volumes, and external control circuitry. To diminish these problems, we designed a distinctive actuator device fashioned entirely from chromatography paper and featuring folds. The fold can be selectively wetted by an actuation fluid at either the crest or trough, resulting in t...
A CMOS biosensor with a folded floating-gate is created to detect charged biochemical molecules. It contains a FET, a control-gate and a sensing area. The floating-gate spans the whole device, allowing the sensing area to be placed on top of the FET, resulting in a decrease of the device's total area. The device is sensitive to the polarity and quantity of charged poly amino acids and could be used for electronic recognition of temporal and spatial migration of charges, such as in biological ...
A CMOS biosensor with a folded floating-gate is created to detect charged biochemical molecules. It contains a FET, a control-gate and a sensing area. The floating-gate spans the whole device, allowing the sensing area to be placed on top of the FET, resulting in a decrease of the device's total area. The device is sensitive to the polarity and quantity of charged poly amino acids and could be used for electronic recognition of temporal and spatial migration of charges, such as in biological ...
The emergence of new drugs is often driven by the escalating resistance of parasites to existing drugs and the accessibility of more advanced technology platforms. Microfluidic devices have allowed for quicker testing of compounds, regulated sampling/sorting of entire animals, and automated behavioral pattern detection. In the majority of microfluidic devices, the effects of drugs on small animals (e.g. Caenorhabditis elegans)elegant are quantified by an endpoint, dose response curve that sho...
In this study, two sets of experiments were conducted in order to investigate the impact of static magnetic fields on the growth and ethanol production of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The first experiment ran for 25 hours with a 2% dextrose loading rate, while the second ran for 30 hours with a 6% dextrose loading rate. The magnetic fields used were homogeneous and non-homogeneous, with strengths of 100 mT and 200 mT, respectively. The results showed that the homogenous magnetic field had no sig...
We have created a microfluidic system that is open and lets us dispense and control discrete droplets on flat plastic sheets. To do this, a superhydrophobic material is sprayed on pre-made plastic sheets and hydrophilic symbols are printed onto them with an inkjet printer. The patterned plastic sheets are connected to a two-axle tilting platform, which is powered by stepper motors, and gives the droplets a mechanical movement. We have tested multiple droplet operations, such as; delivery of d...
Multiphase slug flow is going to be analysed while focusing on how pressure is lost and monitoring the velocity profiles. The problem involved in a multiphase flow is by far more complex than that which could be observed in a single phase flow. The fluid coming from the wellbore and onto the first part of the separator is conventionally a two phase flow of liquid/gas (air and silicone oil in this study). Using large diameter pipe and industrial based fluids, focus would be laid on flow direct...
Apparatus , methods , and systems for automated liquid drop let manipulation include an open droplet supporting surface. An actuator can translate the surface in space with at least one degree freedom of movement to influence movement of one or more droplets on the surface . In one embodiment , the surface is patterned with areas that attract the droplets and interstitial areas that repel the droplets to enhance transport of droplets . For example , for water - based droplets the attr...
In recent years, there has been significant interest in developing wearable devices to mimic the integrated sensing of life forms, which enhances their performance and survival capabilities. Progress in the development of physical sensors and wearable electronics has been promising, leading to numerous consumer products that measure activity, posture, heart rate, respiration rate, and blood oxygen level. Despite the challenges in retrieving and processing bodily fluids, wearable chemical sens...