Abstract: In this article, alternative forms of optimizing the milling efficiency of a laboratory scale ball mill by varying the grinding media size distribution and the feed material particle size distribution were investigated. Silica ore was used as the test material. The experimental parameters that were kept constant in this investigation was the grinding media filling, powder filling and the mill rotational speed. The data obtained from these batch tests was then analyzed using a model...
Abstract: The mobile demands and future business context are anticipated to be resolved by the fifth-generation (5G) of mobile communication systems. It is expected to provide an utterly mobile device, connected society, and support the demanding services of various use cases (UCs). This is intended to meet the demand requirement by providing services at tens of Gbps in terms of data rates, higher mobility range, lower latencies, and massive connectivity density devices per square kilometer....
Abstract: In this work, a small activation chamber was specially designed to facilitate the irradiation of selected samples with secondary neutrons behind a radionuclide production target in the vertical-beam target station (VBTS) at iThemba LABS. The main aim was to assay the radionuclides formed in the samples, with a special interest in those of medical importance. The experiment was performed simultaneously with a routine radionuclide production run, during which the target was bombarded...
Abstract: Long Range (LoRa) is a leading low power wide area network under the IEEE802.15.4 designation. The technology has been used extensively in wireless sensor network applications (WSN) and studies are shifting to investigate the technology’s viability when used for navigation. However, the problem of planning and deployment of LoRa in navigation as well as the repeatable accuracy of such a system based on known timing errors has not been done. The first chapter of this thesis prese...
Abstract: The field of microelectronics experienced a huge shift from the traditional planar MOSFET to 3D multi-gated structures, most noticeable being the FinFET. FinFET is regarded the most favourable for progressing CMOS downscalling in the nanometer scale due to its ability to suppress short channel effects due to its better gate control, enabling it to achieve performance of high quality and low power. The fin dimen sions play a huge role in the design of a FinFET. Looking at the gadget...
Abstract: The main issue associated with groundwater supply in Botswana are the rate of its replenishment relative to its extraction rate and quality. This study aims to identify the possible causes and effects of groundwater decline at the Dukwi Wellfield. Specifically, it aims to investigate the contributing variables for groundwater decline at the wellfield area; the trend and significance of groundwater level decline using the linear trend model; the influence of groundwater decline...
This research work delves into a comparative analysis of Perovskite solar cells crafted using different antisolvents, namely DMF, DMSO/DMF, and TOL/DMF. The investigation focused on assessing their structural and optical properties, as well as their solar cell efficiency and stability. Notably, the perovskite layer formed with DMF displayed numerous pinholes, while the use of TOL/DMF as a mixed solvent yielded a pinhole-free layer. Spectral analysis revealed heightened light absorption in the...
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of power flow and fault scenarios in a complex power system configuration consisting of generators, transformers, transmission lines, buses, and loads. Utilizing MATLAB's Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) and employing the Newton-Rhapson Method, power flow calculations were conducted to assess system performance under normal operating conditions. Subsequently, fault analyses, including Double Line-To-Ground Fault (DLG) and Three-Phase Fault (3φ...
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of power flow and fault scenarios in a complex power system configuration consisting of generators, transformers, transmission lines, buses, and loads. Utilizing MATLAB's Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) and employing the Newton-Rhapson Method, power flow calculations were conducted to assess system performance under normal operating conditions. Subsequently, fault analyses, including Double Line-To-Ground Fault (DLG) and Three-Phase Fault (3φ...
This seminar paper delves into the realm of ion thrusters, which have become pivotal in driving forward space exploration amidst the growing space industry and humanity's wish to traverse the vast expanse of the solar system. It traces the evolution of ion thrusters from its beginnings to becoming the backbone of propulsion systems for deep-space missions. The paper focuses extensively on the working principles of ion thrusters, particularly the electromagnetic principles that govern their op...
Abstract: Due to human influence and its negative impacts on the world’s environment, the world ischanging into a cleaner and more sustainable energy system. In both private and public buildings, there isa desire to reduce electricity usage, automate appliances, and optimize the electricity usage of a building.This paper presents the design and implementation of a secured smart home switching system based onwireless communications and self-energy harvesting. The proposed secured smart home...
Abstract: In this study distillery wastewater was treated using the vermifiltration technology in a bid to reduce downstream contamination by the effluent. 10 kg of Eisenia fetida earthworms were used as the vermifiltration media in a 0.5m 0.5m x 0.3m vermifiltration bed over a 40 h period cycle. The distillery effluent physicochemical parameters which included pH, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS) and th...
Abstract: In this study, the co-briquetting of coal fines saw dust and molasses as a binder is explored as an option for value addition of the wastes generated in the various industries. The effect of the saw dust concentration and the molasses concentration was investigated through measuring the briquette's calorific value, fixed carbon, compressive strength and shatter index. Addition of Ca(OH)2 was done to effect removal of sulphur from the briquette. Measurements of the briquettes physio...
Abstract: This study describes a DC to DC voltage multiplier using the 555 Integrated Circuit (IC) timer in an astable state. The major motivation of the design is to be able to produce an inexpensive and light form of generating high DC voltage to power devises that would normal need a really large and heavy battery to be operated. The study also briefly touch on the negative aspects of large DC voltage, heat dissipation and general battery life. With the help of the astable state of the mu...
Abstract: This paper presents the design and simulation of an Automatic Room Heater Control system. This system allows the user to set a desired temperature which is then compared to the room temperature measured by a temperature sensor.With the help of a micro controller, the system responds by turning ON any of the two (2) loads (Fan or a heater) automatically depending on the temperature difference. The Fan is triggered ON when the room temperature is higher than the set temperature and t...