ABSTRACT Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an enzootic/endemic zoonotic disease affecting human and animals in Africa and caused epidemic in Saudi Arabia and Yemen. The RVF is caused by the Rift valley fever virus (RVFV) of the order Bunyavirales, family Phenuiviridae, genus Phlebovirus. Outbreaks of RVF have a devastating impact on human and animal health in Africa, with heavy economic loss due to the banning of livestock export and the loss of food meat, coupled with human infection. They are ofte...
ABSTRACT The study makes a comparative analysis of how ChiHwesa and ChiManyika resolve vowel hiatal configurations. The dialects are against the VV sequence in structures and this triggers the application of the resolution strategies to break the vowel sequences. The comparative analysis was examined in the theoretical framework of optimality theory proposed by prince and Smolensky (1993), McCarthy and Prince (1999) and Kager (1999) which argues that constraints are universal and they belong ...
ABSTRACT As an important source of income and protein, local chickens are widely reared by a majority of rural and peri-urban households in many developing countries including Tanzania.However, these birds are seasonally exposed to challenging environments that includehigh temperatures and decreased scavengeable food materials.It was hypothesized that local chickens bred from different regions of Tanzania might have selected ecotypes with stronger tolerance to high temperatures andsuboptimal ...
ABSTRACT The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in sharing information is very important in enhancing fish farming productivity among fish farmers. However, little is known on the linkage that exists between the use of ICTs and fish farming productivity in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. The main objective of this study was to assess the use of ICTs to enhance information sharing for improved fish farming productivity in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. Specifical...
ABSTRACT Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Tanzania since it was first reported in 1954. Foot-and-mouth disease is caused by FMD virus (FMDV) that presents in seven serotypes. The FMD outbreaks that occur almost each year are caused by different serotypes in the country. With its large area of 945 000 km2 and its climate which varies from tropical to temperate, large number of livestock including 25.8 million cattle (Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, 2016) and high de...
A reformed understanding of Church will clearly reveal that it is the creation of God. As a creation of God, it is accountable to God and work in different ways to please its creator. One of such ways is to promote reach out to the unreached and hold firmly the word of God. God in His sovereignty also calls the church to collaborate with Him in mission; and as Onwunta quoting Emil Brunner said that “The Church lives by mission as fire lives by burning.”1 This means that the Church and mis...
A reformed understanding of Church will clearly reveal that it is the creation of God. As a creation of God, it is accountable to God and work in different ways to please its creator. One of such ways is to promote reach out to the unreached and hold firmly the word of God. God in His sovereignty also calls the church to collaborate with Him in mission; and as Onwunta quoting Emil Brunner said that “The Church lives by mission as fire lives by burning.”1 This means that the Church and mis...
The pentateuchal Priestly source comprises portions of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and a small portion of the end of Deuteronomy. The Priestly source seems also to continue beyond the Pentateuch, at least in Joshua. Within the Priestly source, two main strata can be identified: P, “Priestly”; and H, “Holiness.” P provides the narrative backbone of the source and includes within its narrative the revelation of laws in Exodus, Leviticus, and Numbers. H includes small portions i...
Genesis is a book of the Hebrew Bible (the Tanakh) and the Old Testamment. Oral tradition credits Moses as the author of Genesis (Henry 12). It is a book about “beginnings.” It tells of such things as the beginning of creation, of languages and of a chosen nation. Commencing with the creation of the heaven and the earth, and concluding with the death of the patriarchs Jacob and Joseph, this book supplies us with information with regard not only to the first beginnings and earlier stages o...
The Gospel according to Matthew is one of the Synoptic Gospels. It was written by Matthew who was believed to be an eyewitness of many of the events he recorded. He was a tax collector before he was called by Jesus and had scribal skills and knowledge of Judaism. He was a competent witness of what he has recorded. He emphasized Jesus’ Jewish heritage and demonstrated how Jesus fulfils the Old Testament prophecies (Kapolyo 1105). Matthew’s gospel is a teaching gospel containing five blocks...
The title ‘Exodus’ is derived from the name which ancient Greek translators gave to the book, ‘Exodus’ meaning ‘the going out’, ‘exit’. The name reflects the book’s particular interest in the departure of the Israelites from Egypt (Alexander 92). As the second book of the Bible, Exodus forms part of a larger narrative which begins in Genesis and continues at least as far as the book of Deuteronomy. Exodus does not mention the person responsible for giving the book its presen...
Christian Ethics is ethics which considers the specific situation, gathers the facts and uses the principles (commands and doctrine) and values to be found in Christianity. In this way, morality is used to describe our principles or convictions about what is right and wrong and our ultimate values. As seen in it, moral philosophy tries to study those principles and values, analyzing them critically and working out how we make decisions. Christian ethics also follow what is called “Applied o...
Traditionally, the years following Jesus until the death of the last of the Twelve Apostles is called the Apostolic Age, after the missionary activities of the apostles. According to the Acts of the Apostles (the historical reliability of the Acts of the Apostles is disputed), the Jerusalem church began at Pentecost with some 120 believers,[86] in an "upper room," believed by some to be the Cenacle, where the apostles received the Holy Spirit and emerged from hiding following...
In the NT apostles are servants, first of Jesus Christ and then of the church. Apostolic service embraces a wide range of specific functions. Paul wrote the following to the Corinthian Christians: Now you are the body of Christ, and each one of you is a part of it. And God has placed in the church first of all apostles, second prophets, third teachers, then miracles, then gifts of healing, of helping, of guidance, and of different kinds of tongues. (1 Cor. 12:27-28 NIV)
ABSTRACT Sustainability of smallholder dairy and traditional cattle milk production systems in developing countries, including Tanzania, is limited by a number of constraints such as low cow productivity, shortage of feed, limited access to inputs and outputs markets and degradation of natural resources. Efforts have been made to improve the sustainability, but the improvement is hindered by lack of knowledge on how to ensure sustainability of the production systems particularly at the farm l...