The earliest known example of an Indus seal dates to 1873 in the form of a drawing published by Alexander Cunningham. Since then, thousands of examples of the Indus script have been discovered, and the Indus script has been subject to very serious analysis by many scholars from all over the world and still continues to fascinate, enchant and frustrate innumerable researchers who have made many a vain attempt to understand its true nature and meaning. The nature of the Indus script remains elu...
This paper is meant to read together with the paper ‘The reconfirmation and reinforcement of the Indus script thesis: a logical assessment and inquiry as to the elusive and enigmatic nature of this script‘, which was published in the ICFAI Journal of History and Culture in January 2011. In the aforementioned paper, we had clearly shown that the Indus script used in the Indus Valley civilization which flourished from 2600 BC to 1900 BC, was a logo-syllabic script. In this paper, we show th...
This paper proposes a generalized and a universal approach towards collective and individual identity formation, and one which is expected to work in practically every conceivable scenario across cultures. Our approach also has at its core, the concept of the ‘Psychic unity of mankind’ which implies that human thought processes, urges and impulses are essentially the same in all cultures and societies, though the nature of enculturation may vary from context to context. This approach work...
ABSTRACT Micronutrients are comprised of vitamin and mineral nutrients needed during pregnancy for fetus growth, development, maturation and reducing/preventing maternal complications. In the Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA) micronutrient rich foods (vegetables and fruits) are lacking due to restrictions on cultivation and unavailability of vegetables and fruits in the local markets. Therefore, the current study introduced a food basket intervention and assessed its effectiveness in addres...
The objective of this paper is to formalize and document observations on language spread in multilingual or polyglot societies as understood from a study of spoken and written language in various phases in Indian history starting from the Indus Valley Civilization of Ancient India, the mature phase of which began in 2600 BC, to modern Post-independent India, and formalize them into principles wherever possible,so that these can be used as a basis to make further observations and draw further ...
This paper extends the concepts delineated in our earlier paper ‘Historiography by Objectives: A new approach for the study of history within the framework of the proposed Twenty-first Century school of Historiography’ and uses them to enunciate the core principles which we believe will form a part of the proposed Twenty-first century school of Historiography. This paper therefore strives to provide the vehicular platform upon which the objectives set forth in the aforesaid paper should b...
ABSTRACT The relationship between media coverage and corporate reputation is an essential phenomenon given its influence on perceptions among madiences. For instance, customers affiliate themselves with organizations with good reputations and regularly patronize their products and/or services. Past studies also indicate that the measure of organizational success is based on the attitudes and opinions of the public arising from media coverage of an organization's attributes. The purpose of thi...
ABSTRACT The present study was carried out to investigate acaricidal potencies of Commiphora swynnertonii (Burtt) stem bark exudate against ticks Rhepicephalus appendiculatus and evaluate its toxicity using mice and rats. Commiphora swynnertonii exudate was prepared in soap solution and evaluated against the R. appendiculatus using adult immersion test method (AIT). The percent mortality, Index of laying eggs and percentage hatching were determined at concentrations of 100, 90, 80, 70, 60, 5...
ABSTRACT Schistosomiasis is one of the chronic threatening but neglected parasitic disease caused by trematode worms under genus schistosoma. Praziquantel is the only drug recommended by WHO for the treatment of all forms of human schistosomiasis. Praziquantel is currently facing challenges, among which selective efficacy and resistance, making it of high imperative searching for new anti-schistosomal drugs. This study aimed to evaluate schistosomacidal activity of Lannea schimperi and Sears...
Abstract In this work, a preliminary investigation of the quality of Dodoma municipal water, as well as a review of potential methods for removing hardness from this water, were undertaken. The water quality parameters such as pH, titratible residue, total hardness, carbonate hardness, calcium, magnesium, fluoride, nitrate, sulphate and iron ions were measured using standard procedures. The results were compared with allowable levels for drinking water. It was observed that the calcium ions...
ABSTRACT This dissertation reports the findings of the investigation of the presidency and the challenges of shifting foreign policy and diplomatic relations in Tanzania. In particular, the study sought to establish the reasons for and implications of shifting foreign policy approach and diplomatic relations in Tanzania. The study employed qualitative research approach, through documentary reviews and interviews with key informants. The informants of the study included retired presidents, r...
ABSTRACT This study assessed the challenges of International Human Rights Institutions over Child labour in Dar es Salaam. The study specifically, aimed at identifying the strategies of the international human rights institutions over child labour, to examine the effectiveness of international human rights Institutions dealing with child labour, to uncover the challenges facing International human right institution over child labour and to propose the measures to insure the reducing of child...
ABSTRACT This study examined gender relations in the discourse of Sukuma songs in Kishapu district, in Shinyanga region. The study had three specific objectives: to examine Sukuma cultural lives with regard to gender relations in the discourse of Sukuma songs; to examine the aspects of gender inequalities in the discourse of Sukuma songs; and to assess the power of discourse of Sukuma songs in enhancing sensitization on gender equality and in bolstering gender inequality. The study adopted a...
Abstract Introduction Early evidence for the exploitation of shellfish for subsistence traces back to at least 164 ka during the Middle Stone Age (MSA) in South Africa1 , and by 100–60 ka shellfish were systematically and intensively exploited at a handful of sites2-5. Evidence for the use of shellfish for purposes other than food, such as making containers and ornaments, appears from 100 ka to 75 ka in the southern Cape.6-8 It is, however, possible that many older sites containing shellfis...
SHUKRANI Shukrani jazila nazitakadamisha kwa Mwenyezi Mungu Raufu, imetimia tasnifu! Yeye ndiye wa kushukuriwa zaidi, amenipitisha salama katika tesi za ulimwengu katika kipindi chote cha masomo ya darasani na wakati wa uandishi wa tasnifu hii. Ama kwa hakika kidole kimoja hakivunji chawa, wala figa moja haliinjiki chungu, na mkono mmoja hauchinji ng‟ombe, walipata kusema wahenga. Kamwe siwezi kujidai kuwa yote nilofanya ili kazi hii itimie nimeyafanya kwa urazini ama ujanja wangu tu, ila ...