EXTENDED ABSTRACT Rice leaf blast is a rice disease caused by fungus Pyricularia oryzae Cavara. The disease is widely spread in all rice ecological systems in Zanzibar viz; rainfed upland, rainfed lowland and irrigated. In Zanzibar rice is a staple food crop that serves 3.1 millions people but the crop is highly infected with rice leaf blast disease a major producton constraint. A comprehensive survey was conducted in six districts of Zanzibar islands covering three districts in Unguja viz: ...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT This study aimed to develop tools for biomass estimation and quantify carbon stored in mangrove forests of Tanzania mainland. The study was carried out in four sites along the Tanzanian coastline; Pangani, Bagamoyo, Rufiji and Lindi-Mtwara. A total of 120 plots were measured along transects running perpendicular to sea/rivers. From each plot, one tree was destructively sampled for aboveground biomass. Thirty among 120 trees were sampled for belowground biomass. Data analys...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important crop grown worldwide. It serves as a main source of protein and starch for over 300 million people in East Africa and Latin America. Despite its importance, production of common bean is constrained by viruses which cause important diseases of common bean. It is also known that different common bean genotypes respond differently to different viruses. In order to ascertain this information, the following specific objectives...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Studies were undertaken between 2012 and 2015 in Mtwara region, Tanzania to establish an understanding of the factors affecting population dynamics in Oecophylla longinoda. Experiments included assessment on; how viable offsprings are produced, when nuptial flights occur and environmental cues that trigger flights. Oecophylla longinoda queens were collected at four steps: before flight, immediately after leaving the nest, up to 12 h after leaving the nest and after settling...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Although climate change has posed challenges among the farming communities in different places, it is yet not sufficiently known how peri-urban farmers of Temeke District mitigate and adapt to this phenomenon. This study was set to contribute in addressing this gap. Specifically, the study: i) assessed awareness of peri-urban farmers and the effects of climate change on peri-urban farming; ii) examined mitigation and adaptation measures of peri-urban farmers as a response t...
ABSTRACT This study was conducted in four villages in Rungwe District, Mbeya region in Tanzania to investigate factors that influence the commercialization of RP production. Data were collected from a cross-sectional survey of 400 household heads. The survey was complemented by FGDs at village levels, in-depth interviews with key informants, and observation. Data was quantitatively and qualitatively analysed. Based on multiple linear regression results, socio-economic factors such as age, se...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Since the adoption of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) of 1992, demand for access and benefits sharing that arise from utilisation of natural resources have gained unprecedented momentum. Unfortunately, researchers have been examining potential benefits sharing of natural gas much more at nation level, excluding communities living close to extraction sites. The study on which this thesis is based addressed the gap by using a gender lens whereby the analyses were...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Livestock production especially ruminants, is one of the major agricultural activities in Tanzania. Both traditional and improved livestock production depend on natural and improved forages which are inadequate due to land use pressures from other users which sometimes result in resource use conflicts. Land ownership to intensify livestock farming is shown to be one of the steps for increased livestock productivity, improved degraded grazing land and for resolving conflicts...
ABSTRACT This study sought to evaluate tsetse and trypanosomes and to investigate the socio economic importance of trypanosomosis in Meatu district where sleeping sickness cases have been reported in villages that border state-protected wildlife parks. Socio-economic data indicated that 77.5% of respondents in the study area were agro-pastoralists. Tsetse flies were well known to be associated with both African Animal Trypanosomosis (AAT), which was well known (90%) and Human African Trypano...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Silage production strategy has never been widely adopted by majority of dairy farmers in Tanzania. On the other hand, most silage making technologies are expensive and not technically viable under smallholder production. Studies which have been done in developing cheap, practical and technically feasible silage making technologies concentrated on a single dimensional approach of intervention, i.e. pre-ensiling treatments, additives, others on ensiling amount and storage pos...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT A growing viticulture industry in Dodoma, Tanzania has sparked a need to establish best management in irrigation practices for the improvement of quality of vine grapes and wine. Drip irrigation is important in vines cultivation in tropical semi-arid areas as it improves water productivity more than other irrigation systems. Fully irrigated grapes have shown to have higher yield and lower grape quality when compared to rain fed grapes which are coincidently under limited wa...
ABSTRACT Despite institutional and policy reforms to enhance the sustainability of drilled wells projects in the Dodoma Region, the sustainability of those projects in the region remains a major challenge. Therefore, the research was done with the general objective to examine the sustainability of community-based drilled wells projects in two districts of Dodoma Region Tanzania. The specific objectives were to: determine factors affecting the sustainability of community-based drilled wells p...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT This work aimed at characterizing Angular Leaf Spot (ALS) and Pseudocercospora griseola in relation to its host and characterization of resistant genotypes amongst the locally adapted genotypes. A survey was conducted in nine regions where disease severity was established and samples of pathogen and genotypes collected for variability study based on molecular and pathogenicity characteristics. Resistant genotypes were characterized based on their response to ALS in field an...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Worldwide, there is increased use of antimicrobial drugs due to the occurrence of diseases of human and animals. The general objective was to study the effect of cooking procedures and cold storage on the levels of Oxytetracycline (OTC) residues in beef in Tanzania. The study used a cross-sectional research design whereby both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from the Dodoma region, Tanzania. The household survey was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude ...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT On a coastline, tidal water and air constantly reach land surface and/or aquifer. Tropical forests before or adjacent to this line are usually having a wide range of habitats. Jozani Groundwater Forest (JGWF) is one of the tropical coastal forests with a wide range of floral and faunal habitats. The forest (JGWF) has a significant role in biodiversity conservation and ecotourism. International bodies including UNESCO recognize JGWF as the most important part of Jozani-Chwa...