ABSTRACT A randomized complete block design (RCBD) experiment was conducted to assess the effectiveness of Bidens pilosa, Lantana camara, Vernonia amygdalina, Tithonia diversifolia, Tephrosia vogelii and Lippia javanica against field pests of bambara groundnuts. The extracts were prepared by dissolving powder of the plants leaves at the concentration of 10% (w/v) in tap water containing 1% soap and left for 24 hours. Then, extracts were sprayed on 2 weeks seedlings of bambara groundnut and a...
ABSTRACT This study aimed at studying the suppressive effects of Sorghum bicolor, Tagetes erictus Amaranthus spinous and Sorghum arundinaceum and Cassia tora on germination and development of Parthenium hysteroporus L. under controlled experiments from March 2018 to November 2018 in Arusha Tanzania. Two experiments involving seed-seed interaction and effects of plant extract on carrot-weed were established. Results showed that seeds of S. bicolor, T. erictus A. spinous and S. arundinaceum sh...
ABSTRACT Habitat degradation, caused in particular by woody plant encroachment, has been a common phenomenon in savanna ecosystems. With increasing woody plant cover in open savanna grassland, structural changes and their associated impact need to be assessed and quantified. We analyzed the extent of woody plant encroachment via remote sensing and assessed encroached sites and open grassland of Maswa Game Reserve on the ground to identify and examine encroaching woody plant species and their...
ABSTRACT Infection and Treatment Method (ITM) has been practiced in Tanzania for over 20 years now as a prevention method against East Coast Fever (ECF). However, there is less information regarding the persistence of the Theileria parva parasites after a long-time lapse after vaccination. Likewise, the implication of the potential exchange of genetic information is largely unknown as regards ECF vaccination outcomes. A total number of 336 cattle samples were collected from Loiborsoit, Embor...
ABSTRACT Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in Tanzania is on the increase. Some few studies have linked fluoride contamination with possibilities of having effects on the insulin production resulting to Diabetes Mellitus. This has not been fully explored in Tanzania. Therefore, this study was undertaken to examine any relationship between fluoride levels in human blood serum and Diabetes Mellitus status of individuals in specific two wards of Tanzania. Cross sectional survey was conducted to e...
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial, synergistic and cytotoxicity activities of Conyza bonariensis, Tribulus terrestris and Rubia cordifolia growing in Tanzania. Two fungal strains, four Gram-negative bacteria and one Gram-positive bacterium all being human pathogens were tested using 96 well microdilution method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) was used to determine antimicrobial and synergistic activity of the extracts whereas LC50 values on brine shri...
ABSTRACT The shift of growing seasons onset due to rainfall and seasonal variability are among the climate change impacts affecting agricultural productivity in semi-arid. Seasonal variations in planting dates in semi-arid Tanzania because of climate variability and change make difficulties among farmers in determining the appropriate planting dates. Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices are reinforced to mitigate such climate change impacts and sustain crop production, though there is l...
ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to determine population size, infestation level and farmer’s understanding of banana weevils in different banana-based farming systems (BFS) namely banana monoculture, banana-beans, banana-coffee and banana-maize. This was conducted by using banana pseudostem traps, coefficient of infestation method and standard interviewing. It was conducted from June to September 2017 in Nkoaranga, Mbuguni and Ngurdoto villages (Meru District) and Uduru, Uraa and ...
ABSTRACT The research assessed the potentiality of four insecticidal plants (Dysphania ambrosoides, Hyptis Suavelons, Ocimum suave and Sphaeranthus suaveolens) with field margin in attracting natural enemies, controlling insect pests and their contribution on yields in common bean production. The study findings indicated that field margins with Ocimum suave significantly (P ≤ 0.001) attracted more natural enemies than the other three insecticidal plants. Also, there was a significance (P�...
ABSTRACT Despite past decades of steady advances in reducing severity of Malaria, statistics show that the disease continues to pose a serious threat to human health. Previous successes in development of antimalarial drugs from medicinal plants have fuelled research in this area. However, antimalarial studies to fractionate extracts from such plants have progressed slowly. This study reports antimalarial potential of fractions from Lippia kituiensis Vatke, for the first time. Column chromato...
ABSTRACT The medicinal plants Annona senegalensis Pers. and Allophylus africanus P Beav. are traditionally used for the treatment of cancer in Tanzania. However, there is no scientific documentation on their therapeutic effectiveness. To evaluate the anticancer potential of A. senegalensis and A. africanus plant species from Tanzania, stem bark of the two plants were collected from Ugweno village at Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Pulverized plant materials were soaked in dichloromethane/methanol (DC...
In this paper, we bring together the concepts put forth in our previous papers and throw new light on how the Indo-Europeanization of the world may have happened from the conventional Central Asian homeland and explain the same using maps and diagrams. We also propose the ‘Ten modes of linguistic transformations associated with Human migrations.’ With this, the significance of the proposed term ‘Base Indo-European’ in lieu of the old term ‘Proto Indo-European’ will become abundant...
This paper brings together all available evidence for literacy in Post-Harappan India, still popularly known as Iron age Vedic India, most of which have been endorsed by mainstream researchers in some way or the other in the recent past and brings into attention the need to revise all earlier models dealing with literacy in Post-Harappan India to bring them in line with latest acculturation models and mainstream models of the development of alphabetic scripts. More importantly we refute the t...
This paper purports to be a starting point to revisit existing approaches dealing with the origin and spread of languages in the light of the changed circumstances of the Twenty-first century without in any way undermining their applicability across space and time. The origin of spoken languages is intricately and inseparably interwoven and intertwined with the origin of human species as well, and in this paper, we propose a ‘Wholly-independent Multi-Regional hypothesis of the origin of Hom...
The concluding part of this paper extends the concepts presented in Part One and provides a century by century view of how the transformation of Harappan India to PostHarappan India took place with maps so that readers can evaluate for themselves how different aspects of Indian culture got formed. Everything in this paper is presented using a figure-it-outfor-yourself approach, and naturally, anyone who refutes one part of this hypothesis, would contradict himself elsewhere. That would elimin...