ABSTRACT Respiratory infections cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide and are the second leading causes of death in Tanzania. Several studies involving national sentinel surveillance for influenza and epidemiology of influenza have been conducted in Tanzania. However, there is a dearth in information on the aetiology of respiratory diseases. This study screened for influenza viruses in subject with influenza-like illnesses in selected areas of Tanzania. A total of 735 subjects...
ABSTRACT The most important bovine theilerial species in sub-Saharan Africa, Theileria parva, causes widespread morbidity and mortality in endemic areas. A study was conducted in Kilosa District, Morogoro Region, to determine sero - prevalence of Theileria parva, knowledge, attitude and practices of livestock keepers on East Coast Fever (ECF). The prevalence of ECF in indigenous cattle was determined by measuring serum antibodies to Theileria parva using ELISA technique. Three hundred and ei...
ABSTRACT This study was conducted to establish the spatial and temporal distribution of foot-andmouth disease (FMD) virus (FMDV) serotypes and evaluate the awareness of people on FMD in the eastern zone of Tanzania. Both observational prospective studies involving serological analysis, FMDV antigen detection and questionnaire survey, and retrospective study on FMDV antigen detection were used in this research. Seroprevalence of antibodies to the nonstructural protein 3ABC of FMDV and seroty...
ABSTRACT Control of East Coast fever (ECF) depends on the use of acaricides against ticks, chemotherapy and vaccination. ECF vaccination is based on an infection and treatment method (ITM), which induces life-long immunity if cattle are exposed to mild tick infestation. However, ECF vaccination has several limitations, such as high cost of simultaneously used antibiotics. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether Toll-like receptor 7(TLR7) agonist could effectively induce ...
ABSTRACT Aflatoxin contamination of spices, namely ginger, cinnamon, cardamom and cloves marketed in three districts of Ilala, Temeke and Kinondoni in Dar es Salaam region, Tanzania was investigated in the year 2017/18. Aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 and total aflatoxins were determined in 120 spice samples using immuno-affinity high performance liquid chromatography and post column derivatization. Fifty eight percent of the spice samples were contaminated and the mean total aflatoxins level in...
ABSTRACT Aromatic rice is highly cherished in many countries of the world and commands premium prices at all levels of the global rice trade. The presence of aroma in aromatic rice is controlled by betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2.1 (BADH2.1) gene allele which results from an eight base pair deletion and three single nucleotide polymorphisims (SNPs) in exon seven of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (BADH2) gene. This mutation is responsible for the introduction of premature stop codon which ...
ABSTRACT Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes an acute and highly contagious immunosuppressive disease in young chickens aged 3 to 6 weeks. The molecular epidemiology of IBD virus causing severe disease in chickens in Tanzania has not been consistently studied. A cross-sectional study that involved collection of bursal of Fabricius from dead chicken following IBD outbreak(s) in Dar es Salaam was conducted. The laboratory analysis of samples was performed by reverse transcription-pol...
ABSTRACT S t a r c h e s have t r a d i t i o n a l l y been used i n t h e pharmaceutical i n d u s t r y as f i l l e r , binder and d i s i n t e g r a n t . Pharmaceutical grade s t a r c h e s a r e derived mainly f r o m maize g r a i n s and potato tubers. C u r r e n t advances i n t a b l e t t i n g technology, e s p e c i a l l y the use of high-speed, mu1 ti-station r o t a r y t a b l e t presses, and d i r e c t compression t a b l e t t i n g t e c h n i q u e s , have n e c e ...
ABSTRACT S t a r c h e s have t r a d i t i o n a l l y been used i n t h e pharmaceutical i n d u s t r y as f i l l e r , binder and d i s i n t e g r a n t . Pharmaceutical grade s t a r c h e s a r e derived mainly f r o m maize g r a i n s and potato tubers. C u r r e n t advances i n t a b l e t t i n g technology, e s p e c i a l l y the use of high-speed, mu1 ti-station r o t a r y t a b l e t presses, and d i r e c t compression t a b l e t t i n g t e c h n i q u e s , have n e c e ...
ABSTRACT Let H be a real Hilbert space and K a nonempty, closed and convex subset of H. Let T : K ! K be an asymptotically nonexpansive map with a nonempty xed points set. Let fng1n =1 and ftng1 n=1 be real sequences in (0,1). Let fxng be a sequence generated from an arbitrary x0 2 K by yn = PK[(1 tn)xn]; n 0 xn+1 = (1 n)yn + nTnyn; n 0: where PK : H ! K is the metric projection. Under some appropriate mild conditions on fng1n =1 and ftng1 n=1, we prove that fxng converges strongly ...
ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of multiple etiology, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular complications as a result of imbalance in lipid metabolism. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are estimated to occur in 15% of all patients with diabetes and precede 84% of all dia...
ABSTRACT Pelargonium sidoides is a medicinal plant grown in Kenya for export to Germany where it is used in the manufacture of drugs for lung related diseases. The farm contributes to the well being of the local community by providing permanent employment to for over 80 persons, with 80 percent being women. It also offers free pre-primary education to their children including the ones from the neighbourhood. The broad spectrum of activity against viruses and bacteria may be caused by the coum...
ABSTRACT Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous environmental and industrial pollutantwhose exact toxicity mechanisms still remain elusive. However, cumulative data has implicated bioaccumulation as well as free radical generation in the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of cadmium induced toxicity. Chelation therapy with calcium disodium ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (CaNa2EDTA), British Anti Lewisite (BAL), meso 2, 3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) is so far among the best known treatment again...
ABSTRACT Mozzarella cheese is prepared using milk from various herbivores. Mostly, it is prepared using milk from sheep, cow and goat. However, due to consumers‘ demand for healthier foods, cheese processors have been innovatively preparing unique cheeses. Mozzarella cheese is one of the preferred ingredients for use on pizza. Goat milk is a good source of protein and calcium, possessing unique characteristics with a high proportion of small milk fat globules that contain a higher concentr...
ABSTRACT The effect of combinations of superphosphate and Minjingu phosphate rock (a sparingly water-soluble fertiliser) in the percentage ratios of superphosphate to Minjingu phosphate rock of 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20 and 90:10 was studied in a laboratory incubation experiment. Three acid soils from Rift Valley Province having contrasting chemical properties were used. The treatments consisted of three P sources (superphosphate, Minjingu phosphate rock and m...