ABSTRACT Apart from heterosexual transmission, not much is known about the contribution of the other modes of spread of HIV in Africa. To evaluate the importance of non-sexual/non-vertical transmission in adults and children in Nigeria, data from mother-child pairs (community and hospital) and a community HIV surveillance among adult populations in two communities of Oyo State in S1¥ Nigeria were' analysed. In the community-based mother-child pair HIV testing, 18 of 476 (3.8%) under 5 years ...
ABSTRACT This quasi-experimental study compared the relative efficacy of teacher instructions alone, peer education alone, and a combination of these two on reproductive health knowledge, attitude, perceived self-efficacy and sexual practices among secondary schools students in the lbarapa district of Southwestern Nigeria. 1 baseline questionnaire was administered to a systematic sample of students ill four schools that were randomized into four treatment arms: teacher instructions alone (E'l...
ABSTRACT As chloroquine and ciprofloxacin each possess substantial inhibitory activity against the schizonts of Plasmodium falciparum, it seems possible that a combination of the two drugs may be clinically useful. The effects on the erythrocytic stages of P. falciparum of combined treatment with chloroquine and ciprofloxacin were therefore evaluated in vitro, using the World Health Organization’s standardized micro test. When used alone, the median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of chloro...
ABSTRACT In the past few years, public health incidents have occurred that have caused some alarm in Canada. These include communicable disease outbreaks such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Influenza and Influenza-Like-Illness (ILI) and water-borne diseases such as Escherichia coli 0157:H7 (Ecoli) and gastroenteritis. There were also environment incidents that occurred such as those caused by Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, furans, and microcystine. On the global scen...
ABSTRACT Acute hepatitis is common In Nigeria and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been a major aetiologicaI factor. However, the role of Hepa titis C Virus (HCV) infection b yet undetermined. Forty-five consecutive Nigerian patient with Acute Icteric hepatitis (AH) attending the Medical Clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria and 45 healthy adult Nigerians (controls) were studied for evidence of infection with both virus. Questionnaire on risk procedures which predisp...
ABSTRACT Hydrauencephaly, a relatively rare malformation of the brain, is characterised by absence of the cerebral hemispheres and their replacement by sacs filled with cerebrospinal fluid. It is one of the recognised forms of intracranial malformations associated with intrauterine few one of twins in monochorionic twin gestation. This report illustrates the development of hydranencephaly in a surviving twin sequel to intrauterine fetal demise of the co-twin.
ABSTRACT This is a case of an occult follicular thyroid carcinoma in a 61 year old civil servant presenting with bony metastasis to the left iliac bone twenty years after an initial subtotal thyroidectomy. There was a soft tissue mass with associated cup shaped lytic detruction of the iliac bone and on ultrasound scan the mass was found to be of mixed echogenicity and areas of sonolucencies which were due to necroses. At autopsy, the thyroid gland appeared macroscopically within normal limits...
ABSTRACT Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been strongly associated with various gastroduodenal diseases worldwide with only a few studies emanating from developing countries. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of serum lmmunoglobulin G (1gG) and underlying gastroduodenal pathology in Nigerian patients with dyspepsia and ascertain the usefulness of H. pyleri lgG screening in decreasing endoscopic workload in dyspeptics in Nigeria. Fifty-five patients with dyspepsi...
Abstract Background: The use of conjunctiva autograft, adjunct antimetabolite therapy has been shown to be effective in preventing pterygium recurrence. Objective :To compare 5 fluorouracil (5-FU) to conjunctival autograft in the treatment of large, fleshy pterygium. Methods :A randomised controlled prospective study of outcome of pterygium treatment using 5-FU as adjuvant treatment compared to conjunctiva autograft. Thirty-five eyes with large pterygium treated with bare sclera conjunctiv...
ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to find out the various degrees of post-operative refractive astigmatism in our cataract patients, causes of the astigmatism and ways of minimising this problem. The total number of post-operative refractive astigmatism was determined in patients following cataract surgery. 22% of the patients had an astigmatism of greater than 2 diopters although only 1.9% had file more intolerable astigmatism of greater than 4 diopters. Associated causes for the astigmatism...
ABSTRACT There are about 400 million people with chronic hepatitis b virus (HBV) infection worldwide with a potential of adverse sequelas including hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent data have shown that the level of HBV DNA in serum or plasma of an infected person probably reflects more accurately the replicative activity of the virus and therefore may serve as a better maker for management of the infection. This study was designed to determine the rate of detection of HBV DNA in blood sampl...
ABSTRACT In May 1988, the World Health bmbly resolved to eradicate poliomyelitis g1,obally by the year 2000. hpite the reported sm in national immunization days, acute flaccid psrdysis surveillance and accelerated efforts to meet the deadline including 'moppingup' were executed in 1999 and subsequent years. Nigeria remains one of the major resemirs for wild poliovirus transmission. Neutralbug antibody lilm? to the three poliovirus sem was determined among children from difierent wmmunities in...
ABSTRACT Urban environmental noise pollution has impact on the quality of life and it is a serious health and social problem. The aim of this study was to assess the sources and noise levels, and possible impacts in selected residential neighbourhoods of Ibadan metropolis. Structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from respondents on demographic and neighbourhood characteristics, sources of noise and perceived effects of noise pollution. Noise level meter was used to determine ...
ABSTRACT AIM This study aimed to evaluate the physical, psychosocial and spiritual needs of untreated patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, in order to determine effective palliative care approach and therefore improve their quality of life when curative therapy is elusive. METHODS The modified Needs Evaluation Questionnaire (NEQ) on pain and psychological assessments, thoughts and feelings and spiritual concerns was administered to 205 consecutive patients with recently diagnosed hepatoc...
ABSTRACT Research 011 sexual violence is fraught with ethical and methodoogical challenges due to its sensitive nature. This paper describes the ethical and methodological challenges encountered in planning and conducting two exploratory studies on sexual violence that included in-depth interviews of eight female adolescent rape survivors in Ibadan and four married women in Lagos Nigeria who were raped,forced to perform sexual acts and sexually deprived. The first challenge encountered was an...