Abstract Malaria and HIV co-infected mothers have an increased risk of poor birth outcome, spontaneous abortion, malaria infection and early progression of HIV to AIDS. This study examines the impact of HIV and malaria on the levels of cytokines in peripheral blood from mothers and their newborns. 149 pregnant mothers and 30 babies born to 63 HIV-infected mothers were engaged in a longitudinal study for 18 months in the endemic area of Saki and Ibadan. Blood samples collected from mothers an...
Abstract The role of sexual attitude and sexual risk-behavior in the perception of HIV vulnerability and differences among youths with disability and able-bodied youths was investigated. The cross-sectional survey included purposively selected youths with visual, hearing and physical impairments (n = 181) and able-bodied youths (n = 181 as a comparison group) with a mean age of 23.75 years in public institutions. Data was gathered with the use of a 44-item questionnaire which included a Brai...
INTRODUCTION Human immuno deficiency virus (H.I.V.) and the disease it causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) first discovered amongst homosexuals in America in 1981, has spread to become a global disaster, a pandemic and thus a major public health hazard'. By December 2001, the disease prevalence was 5.8% of the population in Niaeria2 o About 40 - 70 per cent of HIV/AIDS patients do have Head and Neck manifestations requiring Otolaryngological consultation.'. Health care workers (H...
Summary Children with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) presenting for non-cardiac surgery have various physiological and functional abnormalities and thus pose great challenges to the anaesthetist. This one year prospective study was undertaken to determine the incidence of CHD in children presenting for noncardiac surgery, the type of lesions and anaesthetic course. Five patients (1.5%) out of a total of 324 children aged from birth to twelve years who had surgery during the study period were...
Abstract Developmental milestones are generally understood to be milestones of neurological development such as neck control, sitting without support, crawling and standing. Child health care providers routinely use normative data on such milestones to evaluate child development. However, there is often a cultural context to expectations of developmental milestones. The goal of this research is to explore the socio-cultural context of developmental milestones in infancy in a Nigerian commu...
Abstract In Nigeria the Federal Government rolled out antiretroviral drugs for the management of HW infection in year 2002. This study was carried out to determine the circulating antiviral drug mutations amrmg ARV naive patients with chronic HIV infection durillg the pre-ARV roll out era in &e country. DNA was extracted from scored whole blood samples collected from 75 HlV positive patients attending the Medical outpatient clinic between December 19% and November 2001. The Reverse mscriptas...
ABSTRACT Background Incompetence of the internal uterine cervical os is associated with recurrent pregnancy loss. Different surgical techniques are in practice to correct the defect. Objective The objective of this study therefore was to review the outcome of pregnancies following cervical using either of the two procedure among patients diagnosed as having incompetence of the cervix. Methods A comparative study of 2 standard methods of cerclage used in our hospital, McDonald & Shirodkar, i...
SUMMARY Sensorineural hearing impairment (SIll) has been reported in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients with a prevalence of 20-40%. The aetiopathogenetic mechanisms reported included osmotic alteration resulting in loss of hair cells and in some, complications of haemodialysis have been hypothesized' We have in the past reported 2 cases of CRF patients who developed acute SHL following hemodialysis. This is a report of investigation of the effect of hemodialysis on the hearing function of...
Abstract The paper explores the current situation and future development of nursing education and practice in Nigeria and their influence on health care. This is necessitated due to the significant advances in biomedical science and in the complexity of health care, coupled with observed shortage of nurses and the numerous reports of unsafe and poor quality of patient care, which have served as precursors to the concerns about nursing education and nursing practice in developed parts of the w...
ABSTRACT Prevention of vertical transmission of HIV may require the uptake of the culturally unacceptable options of cesarean delivery and formula feeding. The successful use of HAART, as enumerated by the WHO 2009 rapid advice, has the potential for facilitating the uptake of the more culturally acceptable vaginal delivery and breast feeding. These recommendations became operational at the PMTCT unit, University College Hospital, Ibadan. This retrospective study describes the impact of thes...
ABSTRACT A retrospective study of 26 patients who underwent simultaneous bilateral trabeculectomy over a 5 year period was reviewed. Advantages of simultaneous bilateral trabeculectomy include a shorter stay inhospitaJ compared to consecutive bilateral trabeculectomy: as well as a single general anaesthetic if required and this reduces the risk of re-exposure to anaesthetic agents within a short time. The turn-around time in theatre is also improved compared with separate operations. Preopera...
Abstract Background: High rate of motor vehicle accidents have been associated with poor vision. Studies on drivers from elsewhere other than health institutions have found abnormal visual activities. The aim of this study is to determine prevalence of refractive errors and the attitude to spectacle wear among drivers of public institutions studied. Methods: A cross sectional population study of all 99 motor vehicle drivers from the College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University Co...
ABSTRACT This quasi-experimental study compared the relative efficacy of teacher instructions alone, peer education alone, and a combination of these two on reproductive health knowledge, attitude, perceived self-efficacy and sexual practices among secondary schools students in the lbarapa district of Southwestern Nigeria. 1 baseline questionnaire was administered to a systematic sample of students ill four schools that were randomized into four rrearment arms: teacher instructions alone (E'l...
Abstract Background: Release-retarding polymers in matrix tablets play a vital role in controlling drug release from tablets. Objectives: To prepare metoprolol succinate tablets by direct compression using Ofada rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud) starch acetate, degree of substitution (DS) 2.22, as a matrix for sustained release. Materials and methods: The central composite design and response surface methodology were applied to evaluate the interactive effects of three variables: percent conte...
Abstract Background Though the major target of the HIV-virus is the immune system, the frequency of abdominal disorders in HIV/AIDS patients has been reported to be second only to pulmonary disease. These abdominal manifestations may be on the increase as the use of antlretroviral therapy has increased life expectancy and improved quality of life. Ultrasonography is an easy to perform, non invasive, inexpensive and safe imaging technique that is invaluable in Africa where AIDS is most prev...