Medical & Health Sciences

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Medical & Health Sciences Research Papers/Topics

Design Of Cissus–Alginate Microbeads Revealing Mucoprotection Properties In Anti-Inflammatory Therapy

a b s t r a c t Cissus gum has been employed as polymer with sodium alginate in the formulation of diclofenac microbeads and the in vivo mucoprotective properties of the polymer in anti-inflammatory therapy assessed in rats with carrageenan-induced paw edema in comparison to diclofenac powder and commercial diclofenac tablet. A full 23 factorial experimental design has been used to investigate the influence of concentration of cissus gum (X1); concentration of calcium acetate (X2) and stirrin...

Case Management Of Childhood Fever By Traditional Healers In Southwest Nigeria: Identification Of Training And Collaborative Needs

ABSTRACT Traditiona healers play an important role in the provision of healthcare in many communities in Africa. This study aimed to improve home management of malaria in children by assessing the healer's knowledge and practice. A serni-struc.urcd questionnaire interview of 127 traditional healers selected by proportionate sampling technique from two rural and two urban local government areas (LGAs) of southwestern Nigeria wprogram. Malaria ranked first (87%) among the illnesses managed by t...

Perceived Susceptibility To Noise Induced Hearing Loss And Attitude Towards Preventive Care Among Metal Workers At Gate, Ibadan: A Pilot Study

Summary Audiometric assessment was carried out on 26 metal workers at the spare parts market, Gate Ibadan to corroborate their perceived susceptibility to noise induced hearing loss. Of the 26 studied, 13 (50.0%) indicated non-susceptibility. II (42.3%) indicated susceptibility while 2 (7. '7%) did not know. Otology symptoms mentioned by those who indicate susceptibility were tinnitus (63.6%), hearing loss (36.4%), otalgia (18.2%), headache (9.1 %), and post-aural pain (9.1 %). Audiometric re...

Effectiveness Of Trabeculectomy On Glaucoma Patients In Ibadan

SlIIIlIDary· This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of trabeculectomy on African patients. All patients who underwent trabeculectomy over a 10-year period, January 1987 to December 1996 were included in the study. Information extracted from their case notes included age, sex, type of gJaucoma..,number of years of glaucoma before surgery, eye involved, and visual acuity pre-operatively and postoperatively. Intraocular pressures at presentation, preoperatively and post operativ...

A qualitative study of the feasibility and community perception on the effectiveness of artemether-lumefantrine use in the context of home management of malaria in south-west Nigeria

Abstract Background: In Nigeria ACT use at the community level has not been evaluated and the use of antimalarial drugs (commonly chloroquine (CQ)) at home has been shown to be largely incorrect. The treatment regimen of ACT is however more complicated than that of CQ. There is thus a need to determine the feasibility of using ACT at the home level and determine community perception on its use. Methods: A before and after qualitative study using key informant interviews (KII) and focus group ...

Non-retrobulbar anaesthesia for trabeculectomy

Summary A prospective clinical trial using sub-conjunctival (Sub- Tenon's) anaesthesia for trabeculectomy is reported. Forty-one eyes of 22 consecutive patients with glaucoma had trabeculectomy performed using the sub-conjunctival method of local anaesthesia. The effectiveness of the anaesthetic, intra-operative and post- operative complications were recorded. Sub-conjunctival injection of local anaesthesia was found to be painless and free from the complications associated with retrobulbar i...

COMPRESSIONAL CHARACTERISTICS AND TABLETING PROPERTIES OF STARCHES OBTAINED FROM FOUR DIOSCOREA SPECIES

Abstract The compressional characteristics and tableting properties of starches from four yam species namely Dioscorea dumetorum Pax (Bitter); Dioscorea oppositifolia L (Chinese); Dioscorea alata L.DIAL2 (Water) and Dioscorea rotundata Poir (White) were investigated in comparison with corn starch. The physicochemical properties of the starches were evaluated using established methods while the compressional characteristics were analyzed using density measurements, and the Heckel and Kawakita ...

Ocular Abnormalities in Newborn Infants needing Special Care

Summary Baiyeroju-Agbeja AM, Ornokhodion SI. Ocular Abnormalities in Newborn Infants needing Spccin ICa re. Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics t 998; 25:49. A prospective study was carried out over a six-month period to determine the pattern and outcome of ocular abnormalities in newborn infants needing special care. All babies at risk of developing retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were excluded from the study as they were includedin a concurrently running ROP study. Twenty-eight of the remainin...

PATTERNS OF PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCE USE AMONG TWO-WHEEL COMMERCIAL RIDERS IN MAIDUGURi, BORNO STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract When any psychoactive substance is taken before driving, lives o f both passengers and other motorists operating on the highway are endangered. This survey study designed to determine the patterns o f psychoactive substance use among two-wheel commercial riders in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. The population o f this study was 4141 two-wheel commercial riders operating in Maiduguri, Borno State. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 18 substations from the sampling fra...

A SINO-ORBITAL SCISSORS FOREIGN BODY

SUMMARY The case of a sino orbital foreign body from the broken tips of a Pair of scissors traversing the floor of the left orbit, left maxillary sinus and left nasal cavity, and which had been left in place for two years because of financial constrains, before its surgical removal without much sequel, is presented. The need for adequate radiological investigations in all cases of head and neck trauma as well as the institution of health insurance in developing / low income economies to cater...

HIV Risk-Related Behavior, Sexual Coercion, and Implications for Prevention Strategies among Female Apprentice Tailors, Ibadan, Nigeria

We describe a survey of 300 young female apprentice tailors in a periurban community in Ibadan, Nigeria. The objectives were to assess HIV risk-related behavior in order to plan appropriate prevention interventions. Most apprentice tailors were 18-21 years old (68%), single (95%), and had not completed secondary school (98%). History of sexual intercourse was reported by 53 %; 42 % had ever experienced unwanted touching of the breast, backside, shoulder, or waist; 4% reported being raped in t...

MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION OF DIFFERENT HIV-1 SUBTYPES AMONG ARV NAÏVE INFECTED PREGNANT WOMEN IN NIGERIA

SUMMARY The rate of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV as well as the implications of the circulating multiple subtypes to MTCT in Nigeria are not known. This study was therefore undertaken to determine the differential rates of MTCT of HIV-1 subtypes detected among infected pregnant women before ARV intervention therapy became available in Nigeria. Twenty of the HIV-positive women who signed the informed consent form during pregnancy brought their babies for followup testing at age 1...

Hypoglycemic Effect Hydroacetone Extracts of Treculia africana Decne Root and Stem Bark in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

ABSTRACT The main objective of this study was to compare the hypoglycemic activity of ethylacetate soluble portion of aqueous acetone extract of the root bark (EtOAcfr TARB) and stem (EtOAcfr TASB) back of Treculia africana Decne in diabetic rats and also to characterize the ultraviolent and infrared spectra of an isolated constituent. Oral administration of the EtOAcfr TARB reduced fasting blood glucose level by 28.6% in 144hrs and 15.9% at 240 hrs in alloxan (100 mg/kg) induced rat of five ...

HYDROCARBON AND HEAVY METAL POLLUTION OF WATER AND SEDIMENTS OF CROSS RIVER AND AKWA IBOM COASTAL WATERS, NIGERIA

ABSTRACT A study was undertaken to determine the total hydrocarbon (THC) and heavy metal contents of water (surface: 0-15 cm and bottom: 2-13 m), sediments (intertidal and waterbed) in coastal areas of Cross River and Akwa Ibom States of Nigeria affected by a major oil spill in 1998.

The Ibadan glaucoma study

ABSTRACT To obtain epidemiological data on the prevalence and risk factors for open angle glaucoma in hospital workers of African origin, and investigate appropriate methods of a rapid, cost-effective screening procedure for glaucoma. A cross-sectional study of workers in the University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan, using a structured questionnaire for data collection.


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