Abstract Background: Cancers constitute a significant public health problem in Nigeria. Breast, cervix and prostate cancers are leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Changing diets, lifestyles, HIV/AIDS and macro-structural factors contribute to cancer morbidity and mortality. Poor health information linking cancer risk to individual behaviors, environmental pollutants and structural barriers undermine prevention/control efforts. Studies suggest increasing health literacy and empowering i...
ABSTRACT Malaria is one of the most devastating parasitic diseases in the world and remains a major public health problem in Sub-Saharan Africa. First-line treatment of uncomplicated malaria includes the use of artesunate and amodiaquine. However, the existence of counterfeit and substandard artesunate and amodiaquine in the market may lead to therapeutic failures or development of resistance when consumed. The aim of the study was to examine the pharmaceutical equivalence of different brand...
ABSTRACT The growing popularity of direct-compression process necessitates an ideal filler–binder that can substitute two or more excipients. Pregelatinization of starches significantly improves swelling and flow properties but produces tablets with low mechanical strength. When used as a binder in many tablet formulations, hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) imparts mechanical strength but because of its poor flow during high speed tablet manufacturing, granulation of HPMC-based formul...
ABSTRACT Cholera outbreaks have profound impacts on the health and well-being of communities. Rapid containment of outbreaks largely depend on people‟s knowledge, perceptions and attitude to the disease. Studies have shown an increase of outbreaks in developing countries. Ibadan Northwest (IBNW) Local Government Area (LGA) experienced recurrent cholera outbreaks between June and November 2011 in spite of cholera control programmes in Oyo state. Furthermore several studies have been done on...
ABSTRACT Background: The incidence of HIV infection and AIDS is rising in Nigeria. Surgeons are at risk of occupationally acquired infection as a result of intimate contact with the blood and body fluids of patients. This study set out to determine the knowledge, attitude and risk perception of Nigerian surgery residents to HIV infection and AIDS. Methods: A self-administered postal questionnaire was sent to all surgery trainees in Nigeria in 1997. Results: Parenteral exposure to patients' ...
ABSTRACT Twenty patients with eye injuries resulting from gun-shots were admitted to the University College Hospital, Ibadan, over a 10-year period. Three of the patients had involvement of both eyes, making a total of 23 eyes. Seven eyes had contusion injuries, while 16 had perforating injuries. Eight of the perforating group had primary evisceration, two refused evisceration and six had repair of corneal! corneo-scleral wounds. All seven eyes in the contusion group were treated conservative...
ABSTRACT Sickle Cell Anaemia (SCA) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality and a strategic way of reducing the problem is to educate the public and create more awareness on its causes and prevention. There is need for adequate information on awareness and attitude of young adults in tertiary institutions to undertake Pre-marital Genotype Test (PGT).Therefore, this study was aimed at determining the awareness, attitude, and practices of PGT among unmarried students of The Polyte...
ABSTRACT The metacarpal index (MI) is used in screening for patients with arachnodactyly especially Marfan 's syndrome. It is a radiographic measure 0/ -the slenderness of the 2nd -5' metacarpals, which was measured in a total of 608 Nigerians of which 55 (9%) were children and 553 (91%) were adults. The study shows that (he MJ increases steadily in children approaching the adult value at about the age of 9 years In females and 13 years in males coinciding with menarche and puberty respective...
ABSTRACT The study was aimed at determining the effects of the methanol extracts of the leaves of Lycoperscon esculentum on the wound healing in Wistar rats. Excisional wounds were inflicted on the upper dorsolateral trunk of normal saline (control) and tomato (Lycoperscon esculentum) leaf treated (TLT) adult rats and thereafter dressed four times daily for three days. Wound dimensions along two perpendicular axes were taken prior to dressings for the purpose of estimation of wound contractio...
ABSTRACT Adolescence is a transitional phase from childhood to adulthood during which significant changes in body composition occur with a tendency towards excessive fat accumulation. Determining body fat proportions at this stage of life could give an insight into the need for early intervention. The actual body fat estimates of school adolescents have not been adequately researched in Nigeria. This study was carried out to determine the Percentage Body Fat (PBF) of secondary school adolesc...
ABSTRACT Apart from heterosexual transmission, not much is known about the contribution of the other modes of spread of HIV in Africa. To evaluate the importance of non-sexual/non-vertical transmission in adults and children in Nigeria, data from mother-child pairs (community and hospital) and a community HIV surveillance among adult populations in two communities of Oyo State in S1¥ Nigeria were' analysed. In the community-based mother-child pair HIV testing, 18 of 476 (3.8%) under 5 years ...
Abstract Starches obtained from four Dioscorea species namely Dioscorea dumetorum (Bitter), Dioscorea oppositifolia (Chinese), Dioscorea alata (Water), and Dioscorea rotundata (White) have been evaluated as binding agents in chloroquine phosphate tablet formulations in comparison with official corn starch. The compressional properties of the formulations were analyzed using density measurements and the Heckel and Kawakita equations. The mechanical properties of the tablets were assessed usin...
ABSTRACT This quasi-experimental study compared the relative efficacy of teacher instructions alone, peer education alone, and a combination of these two on reproductive health knowledge, attitude, perceived self-efficacy and sexual practices among secondary schools students in the lbarapa district of Southwestern Nigeria. 1 baseline questionnaire was administered to a systematic sample of students ill four schools that were randomized into four treatment arms: teacher instructions alone (E'l...
Abstract Background: Attention has been drawn to examining the contributions of “catastrophising” to the prediction of pain and disability in individuals with low back pain (LBP). Objectives: This study investigated the proportion of patients with LBP who engaged in catastrophic thinking about pain and its association with pain intensity and disability. We also investigated the components of pain catastrophising that is predictive of disability. Methods: A total of 275 participants with...
ABSTRACT Background: Studies have shown that men serve as gatekeepers to women’s access to reproductive health services. However, reproductive health programmes have traditionally focused on women. The exclusion of men from such programmes considerably undermines its own effectiveness. Most women carry the burden of preventing unplanned pregnancies alone, without the support of their partners. Most of the men rely on their partners to initiate the use of contraceptives to prevent unplanned ...