ABSTRACT Urinary tract infection (UTI) is among the commonest causes of febrile illness in children of less than five years of age in Sub-Saharan Countries and is in most cases associated with poor hygiene. This cross sectional study was conducted between August 2014 and October, 2015. It aimed at determining the epidemiology of urinary tract infection in children less than five years of age who attended healthcare facilities in Morogoro Municipality and also to establish bacteria susceptibi...
ABSTRACT Increased human population and anthropogenic activities around Lake Victoria leads to pollution and health risks to consumers of water and fish. This study was conducted to assess the levels of Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) in Nile perch muscles, water, and sediment in Lake Victoria in Mwanza, Mara and Kagera in Tanzania. A total of 180 samples were collected from 60 national designated sampling stations. From each region, 20 sampling stations were selected and three samp...
ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To investigate the effectiveness of three natural gums, namely albizia, cissus and khaya gums, as excipients for the formulation of ibuprofen microbeads. METHODS: Ibuprofen microbeads were prepared by the ionotropic gelation method using the natural gums and their blends with sodium alginate at various concentrations using different chelating agents (calcium chloride, zinc chloride, calcium acetate and zinc acetate) at different concentrations. Microbeads were assessed ...
ABSTRACT Cross-sectional field and experimental studies were carried out to determine the mercury distribution in the Mabubi River and to establish its biological effects in the ecosystem using snails as bioindicators. The median and range for total mercury concentration in Lymnaea stagnaliswere 4298 and 12.62 to 50618 respectively. The total mercury concentrations were recorded as below the detection limit (
Summary Human Immuno deficiency virus(HIV) and Hepatitis B Virus share common modes of transmission which include blood borne and the vertical routes. Although, the natural course of does not appear altered by HBV, the rate of liver-related deaths is several times higher among HIV/HBV positive individuals, including pregnant women, need to be aware of this problem. This is a 2-year cross-sectional study that commenced in January 2006, among HIV positive pregnant women were screened for hepati...
ABSTRACT A cross sectional study was carried out in January 2017 with the aim of estimating the seroprevalence of Brucella circulating antibodies, detection of Brucella abortus in raw cattle milk, assess the risk factors for infection and establish the presence and levels of antimicrobial residues in raw milk in Bukombe district, Tanzania. A total of 221 blood samples from purposively selected lactating cows in 17 villages were collected and analysed for Brucella circulating antibodies using...
ABSTRACT In developing countries like Tanzania, vitamin A deficiency remains a public health concern, due to monotonous, cereal-based diets that lack diversity. Evidence from study on Orange Fleshed Sweet Potatoes (OFSP) consumption for improved nutrition in Gairo shows that the diets of a large percentage of households are deficient in vitamin A. Overall objective of the study was to increase contribution of sweetpotato particularly OFSP as a component of dietary intake on improved nutritio...
ABSTRACT Milkfish farming in Zanzibar is at infancy stage, practiced at small-scale levels and faces a number of constraints including fish health problems. The purpose of this study was to assess the milkfish farming practices and possibilities for occurrence of Mycobacterium marinum infection in selected milkfish farms in Zanzibar, Tanzania. A questionnaire survey was administered to 24 milkfish farmers to acquire information on general management system, fish health and related problems. ...
ABSTRACT Malnutrition rates of over 38% among children of age below 5 years have been addressed by interventions like growth promotion and monitoring. The study sought to further address poor nutritional status among children of age below 2 years by supplementing their diet with Roselle juice. Roselle calyx from which the juice was made contains high concentrations of vitamin C, iron and zinc which are highly deficient in diets of children in Magubike village. A randomised single blind desig...
ABSTRACT The consumption of raw milk is a common practice among pastoral and agro-pastoral communities of Tanzania. This behaviour predisposes consumers to the risk of contracting milk-borne and zoonotic diseases. This study was carried out to assess milk quality based on identification of bacterial contaminants indicated by total viable count (TVC), total coliform count (TCC) and contamination with Brucella and E .coli 0157: H7 microorganisms. The study was carried out along the milk value...
ABSTRACT Cholera is an epidemic disease of major global and public health significance. A cholera outbreak in Kigoma region of Tanzania is reported to be endemic as it occurs almost every year. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, pathogenic markers and antibiotic susceptibility of Vibrio cholerae in sardines, water and phytoplankton in Lake Tanganyika. A total of 120 samples from sardines, water and phytoplankton were collected from October, 2015 to February, 2016. Isola...
ABSTRACT Malnutrition remains one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among children throughout the world.The study aimed at evaluating the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder in improving the nutritional status of children 6 to24 months of age in Arusha Municipality. A total of 140 children were enrolled and randomly allocated to two treatments where by 64 children received moringa leaf powder porridge and 76 children received maize porridge and a randomized control des...
ABSTRACT Lindi region has high stunting prevalence (35.2%), and one of the stunting attributors is inadequate intake of micronutrients for children under 2 years old. Therefore, aim of this study was to assess contribution of fish in improving micronutrients contents in complementary foods for children aged 6 to 23 months old children in Lindi Rural. A cross-sectional study was done whereby, an interview was done (through structured questionnaire) to 212 caregivers with children aged 6 to 23...
ABSTRACT A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine iodine status of pregnant and lactating women in Arusha Municipality. Urine and salt samples were collected from a total of 429 respondents who were visiting Themi and Ngarenaro Reproductive and Child Care clinics. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-economic and demographic information from respondents and also wholesale and retail salt traders to ascertain their knowledge about iodised salt and IDD. Results reve...
ABSTRACT The Livestock sector plays a vital role in the economies of many developing countries. It provides food, income, employment and possibly foreign exchange. Consumption and trade of livestock and livestock products in developing countries is rapidly growing however, animal diseases have a permanent threat to livestock keepersand major economic implications both through public and private costs of outbreaks. An example of such diseases is transboundary animal diseases (TADs). One of th...