ABSTRACT Diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in asymptomatic goats is a big challenge towards control of the disease in mixed herds. This is because not all of the available diagnostic methods in cattle are easily applicable and capable of detecting the disease in goats. In this study, two BTB diagnostic tests commonly used in cattle were employed to diagnose BTB in goats. The study established the potency and effiency of conventional comparative intraderma test (CIT) over interferon (IFN)...
ABSTRACT This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Actellic Super (pirimiphos methyl) in Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) in Mvomero District, Morogoro, Tanzania. Field surveys using questionnaire interviews were used to collect sociological data from households that own f ish ponds. The response of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Pseudocholinesterase ( BuChE /PChE) activities in O. niloticus as a result of Organophosphates (OPs) and carbaryl water borne exposure was deter...
ABSTRACT Legumes are important crops for improving food and nutrition security in Africa. However, there are few nutrition researches on lablab beans in Africa, except for programs focusing on improving soil properties. This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional composition of seven varieties of cooked lablab beans grown in Tanzania. The lablab bean varieties both green and dried were cooked then analyzed for chemical composition, cooker-ability and sensory qualities. The parameters...
ABSTRACT A study was conducted to determine the effect of maturity stage on selected nutrients and anti-nutritional factors in selected indigenous African leafy vegetables namely Amaranths (Madiira Ex zim, and Madiira AM 38), African nightshade (Nduruma BG 16 and Olevolosi SS 49) and Spider plant. Vegetables were planted on plots and harvested at three maturity stages (21, 28 and 35 days). Chemical analyses were done to determine levels of vitamin C, iron and zinc and anti-antinutional factor...
ABSTRACT Pastoralism is a livelihood system more prone to environmental, economic, social and political threat and pressures. Outcomes of these effects have implications on gender roles, responsibilities, lifestyles, and activities. This study elucidated the influences of shifting pastoralism livelihood strategies on the changes in socio-cultural, gender norms, food choice and dietary pattern in six randomly selected villages of Handeni and Mvomero districts, Tanzania. A total of 436 respond...
ABSTRACT Emerging and re-emerging diseases in middle and low income countries particularly in agro-pastoral and pastoral communities pose major concern in animal and public health sectors which affect livelihoods and economy of communities. Improved surveillance system approaches could help to ensure prompt detection, reporting, recording and analyzing the incidence of diseases and response to outbreaks. A retrospective epidemiological study, was conducted to investigate common clinical sig...
ABSTRACT ii The study attempts to examine the livelihood strategies and household food security of vegetable street vendors in Morogoro town, Tanzania. Specifically, the study sought to: (1) To document the nature of the institutional environment in which vegetable street vending business is taking place, (2) To identify the type and extent of livelihood assets owned by individuals working as vegetable street vendors, (3) To measure household food security and dietary diversity of vegetable ...
ABSTRACT This cross sectional study was carried out between August and December 2015 in order to determine the presence of Mycobacterial infections in slaughter cattle and assess the occurrence of Mycobacteria in the slaughter facility environment in Iringa Municipality, Tanzania. A total of 3817 slaughter cattle were examined tuberculous like lesions in lymph nodes, lungs and other visceral organs. Tissues with suspect lesions were collected for laboratory analysis. Effluent samples in the s...
ABSTRACT Malnutrition is one of the most serious health problems affecting infants, children and women of reproductive age. The first year of an infant’s life is considered a critical period for child growth and development. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Chamwino district in Dodoma region in Tanzania to assess factors determining the nutritional status of infants. The study explored such issues as socio-demographic, feeding practices and elements of disease pattern that would p...
ABSTRACT The study was conducted to characterize factors affecting implementation of WHO recommendations on infant feeding among HIV/AIDS infected mothers in Dar-es-Salaam region. Specifically the study intended to assess knowledge on infant feeding in the context of HIV and AIDS among HIV positive mothers to assess constraints that hinders the implementation of recommendations of WHO on infant feeding, to examine attitude on infant feeding in the context of HIV and to assess the nutritional ...
ABSTRACT Iron deficiency anaemia among under-five children is still a public health problem in developing countries. A longitudinal, randomized, controlled study involving 382 children was conducted in two wards of Kilosa District, Tanzania to determine the effectiveness of a daily home fortification of complementary foods with MNP in reducing IDA among children six to 59 months. The intervention group (n = 191) received 90 sachets of micronutrient powder (10 mg of iron) taken as one sachet d...
ABSTRACT Under-nutrition is a multifaceted problem and of recent, climate change-related factors are suspected as additional frustration to intervention efforts. A cross sectional study was conducted to determine factors influencing food security, care and environmental quality in a changing weather pattern. Face-to-face household interviews using structured questionnaire and FGD using check lists was conducted. Nutrition status was assessed using anthropometric measurements. A sample co...
ABSTRACT Solid waste management contributes tremendously in upholding public health by reducing the risk of diseases and environmental pollution. Despite the significance of this job, solid waste workers are exposed to a myriad of work related hazards. The objectives of the study were to identify the types of waste which are hazardous to solid waste workers, followed by examining the nature of hazards and to finally assess the effectiveness of the measures in place to combat the occupati...
SUMMARY Objective: To evaluate the visual outcome of cataract surgery in children aged 16 years and below at the . University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan. Methods: A retrospective review of the case records of patients aged 0-16years who had cataract surgery at the UCH Ibadan between January 1995 and June 2006. Results: One hundred and fifty-one eyes of 101 patients were studied. Eighty-four eyes (55.6%) had congenital cataracts, 25.2% were developmental, while 13.9% were secondary to tra...
ABSTRACT Many reproductive health studies have examined trends and outcomes of adolescent sexual behaviour but have overlooked the patterns of reproductive communication between mothers and daughters that have implications on girls’ reproductive wellbeing. Although there is a need to safeguard adolescent health, not enough work exists at the interface between female reproductive change and communication. The patterns of communication determine the effectiveness of reproductive knowledge tr...